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Construction employees are required to have good knowledge of foreign language professional terms. The survey of higher school students revealed the fact of their being reluctant to the issues of good knowledge of terminology and safety in future professional activities. They should be able to cope with homonyms that may cause confusion. Therefore, the research considers ‘false friends of a translator’ taking account of their similarities or differences in the pronunciation, meaning and spelling in English and Russian. To realize this aim the authors empirically surveyed two groups of a higher school final-year students to contribute to their language development through good knowledge of terms. The research was conducted on the base of comparison, observation and empirical methods and the teaching-practicing-controlling approach. The results obtained show that proper educating the future specialists to the use of the lexical units under consideration correctly can improve their professional growth and safety. The results can be used in language teaching practice, in making dictionaries for special purposes, as well as for making some possible contribution to terminology science.

The dynamic growth of international collaboration in the scientific and professional spheres leads to a wave-like increase in the volume of translations of professional and scientific texts and determines the relevance of the problem under study. Translators have problems translating abbreviations of professional terms. This paper analyzes the ways of translating English abbreviations in the field of materials science. As research methods, we used, among other things, the analysis of methods of translating English abbreviations into Russian, the study of articles in the field of materials science, the collection of data on abbreviations of professional terms and the comparison of the ways of translation of abbreviations of professional terms in the texts of materials science. The article reveals the features of the ways of translating abbreviations of professional terms in materials science texts. The main results of the research work are the identification of problems of translation of English abbreviations that the translator faces in the field of materials science, and the determination of the use frequency of one or another translation method. The materials of the article can be useful for researchers in this field, physics students and translators of scientific and technical texts.

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Employees at construction sites need to have good communicative competence on all the issues occurring there. The survey of higher school students revealed presence of language barriers in the process of communication. They should be able to cope with all the speech situations requiring proper practical language skills. Therefore, the research considers necessity of development of communicative speech skills of future construction specialists in English considering the factors that would contribute to overcoming language barriers. To realize this, the authors empirically surveyed groups of a higher school final-year students to improve their language level through mastering their communicative skills on the base of necessary teaching factors, and simultaneously eliminating possible obstacles. The research was conducted on the base of communicative method and the teaching-practicing-controlling approach supported by observing, questioning, and surveying methods. The results obtained show that proper practical development of future specialists’ communicative skills taking into account all kinds of barriers can improve their professional language growth and overcoming their speech barriers. The research results obtained one can use in language teaching practice, as well as for making some possible contribution to education and through it communication skills of research participants’ speech development.