Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of cytokeratin 19 for the presence and spread of oral squamous cell carcinoma following incisional biopsy. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional. Setting: Isra Dental College Hospital, Isra University Hyderabad. Period: November 2020 to October 2021. Material & Methods: Consenting patients of either gender, age 20-70 years, with clinical suspicion of OSCC were included in the study. Patients with a previous history of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, those having history of previous biopsy, recurrence of carcinoma were excluded. After detailed examination, blood samples of all patients were collected before and after incisional biopsy and sent to the laboratory for further evaluation for CK-19 level. Results: Of total 60 patients, majority (86.6%) were male. Over half (53.3%) of the participants belongs to age-group 40-59 years. Before incisional biopsy, all participating OSCC patients were negative for the Cytokeratin RT-PCR assay. While RT-PCR (CK-19) was detected positive for 12 (20%) of patients within 15 minutes of biopsy whereas, remaining 48 (80%) showed negativity for CK-19 assay. Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed for the post incisional biopsy CK-19 +ve and –ve patients. Male patients and patients well differentiated OSCC tumors had positive post incisional biopsy PCR compared with their counterparts (p<0.05). Conclusion: Incisional biopsy promotes the propagation of cancerous cells and increases the risk of developing metastatic lesions. Additionally, RT-PCR is a reliable tool for the detection of CK-19 transcripts in the blood.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency and association of p53 gene with increase histopathology categorizing of “oral squamous cell carcinoma” patients. Study Design: Comparison Cross-sectional Research. Setting: Isra Dental College Hyderabad. Period: 1 November 2021 to 31 October 2022. Material & Methods: Sixty patients of identified oral squamous cell carcinomas were chosen by consecutive sampling from patients reporting at Oral surgery department Isra dental college, Poly-L-lysine solutions was used over all of the formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded segments, and was prepared for immunostaining. Primary antibody and counter stain hematoxylin was used and dehydrated through graded alcohol dilutions. Sections were mount by Dpx and results interpreted. Results: Sixty instances of oral squamous cells carcinoma divided into histological grading well differentiated OSCC, moderately differentiated OSCC, and poor differentiated OSCC based on their histological characteristics. Fifty-two (87%) of the participants in this study were male, while just eight (13%) were females. Association of p53 were found insignificant with age. Gender and other clinical factors of OSCC, the prevalence of p53 gene countenance was found increase in oral squamous cell carcinoma. But there was no any significant association found with the increase histological grading of OSCC. Conclusion: Prevalence of P53 gene expression found increase in OSCC. While P53 expression was not significantly found with increase histological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To compare Lugol’s Iodine and Methylene blue as an adjunctive tool for early diagnosis of premalignant oral lesions by taking histopathology as the gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive. Setting: Outpatient Department of Isra Dental College Hospital, Isra University Hyderabad. Period: January 2021 to July 2021. Material & Methods: All patients with oral premalignant lesions were selected. Methylene blue and iodine staining were used in the lesion area. The dye was applied directly with a cotton bud for 10–20 seconds, and the mouth was resigned with tap water. The dye retention pattern was evaluated by the stain retention intensity on the lesion. Incisional biopsy was performed simultaneously at that site as a gold standard. Results: Out of 60 cases, males were 49 (81.6%) and females were 11(18.3%). The mean age of males and females was 41.910.7 years and 39.87.74 years, respectively. Out of all patients, 65.0% had more than one addictive habit of mainpuri, gutka, or supari. The commonest region of oral lesions was the buccal mucosa among 61.6% of patients, followed by the alveolus in 16.6%, lips 8.3%, tongue 6.6%, and retro molar area 3.33%, while the palate and floor of the mouth were involved in 1.66% of patients. According to the diagnostic accuracy of methylene blue, the sensitivity was 89.4% and the specificity was 66.6%. According to the Lugol’s, iodine sensitivity was 83.3% and specificity was 50%. Conclusion: It has been determined that methylene blue and lugols iodine staining are the best, easy, and noninvasive screening tools to detect the early diagnosis of malignancy.