and Kerala. [4] All ages and both sexes were affected. [4] The disease is characterized by acute fever with or without chills, headache, nausea, abdominal pain, photophobia, conjunctival injection, skin rash, and disabling arthralgia. The incubation period ranges between 2 and 10 days. The disease usually affects adults as seen in the 2006 epidemic: of the 333 seropositive patients for chikungunya infection, 299 (90%) were aged older than 15 years. [5] Chikungunya originated from the word "kungunyala" (meaning "that which bends up"). The patient with this disease develops a stooped posture because of severe arthritis, typically affecting the wrists, hands, ankles, and feet. The fever and skin rash are short-lasting, but the joint pains may recur or linger for a long Background: Chikungunya is viral fever with the main symptom of joints pain for prolong duration. It persists as major public health problem till date. Objective: To know the seroprevalence, clinical presentation, and seasonal trends of chikungunya infection in a tertiary-care hospital in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary-care hospital in Ahmedabad. Totally, 2193 blood samples were received from different wards from suspected cases of chikungunya fever and tested for IgM antibody using ELISA in civil hospital Ahmedabad for duration of 1 year (September 2013 to August 2014). Result: Of the 2193 cases tested, 724 (33.01%) were positive for IgM antibodies; 33.28% were aged younger than 30 years and 66.71% older than 30 years. All presented with fever (100%), followed by joint pain, headache, body ache, joint swelling, and rash (93.6%, 73%, 39.7%, and 17.4%, respectively). Maximum cases were reported during September to January (31.98%, 35%, 36.41%, 43.34%, and 42.18%, respectively), with male subjects of 41.02% and female subjects, 58.97%. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of chikungunya in our study (33.01%), which was high in late monsoon and winter, suggests that it continues to be a major health problem in our setup and indicates the need of appropriate strategies to reduce the severity of disease.

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is any strain that belongs to the influenza family of viruses, which causes endemic flu in pigs. [1] Until 2009, influenza C and the subtypes of influenza A-H1N1, H1N2, H2N1, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3-are the known SIV strains. Globally, SIV is widespread all over the pig populations. However, acquaintance of SIV by human from pigs is rare and does not, at all times, result in human flu. Often, it leads to the generation of antibodies in the blood. The human flu that resulting rarely from such transmission is called as zoonotic swine flu. The at-risk population of swine flu infection involves people with habitual contact with pigs. During the middle of the twentieth century, the detection of influenza subtypes was achievable, enabling precise diagnosis of spread to humans. Records of only 50 such transmissions are known since then. Moreover, human to human Background: In April 2009, influenza A H1N1 of swine origin was first documented in the border areas of Mexico and United States. Influenza viruses are known to cause frequent epidemics and periodic pandemics; therefore, it has been major public health problem. Objective: To study the swine-origin influenza A H1N1 in pediatric patients attending civil hospital, Ahmedabad, by realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary-care hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, from January to March 2015. Totally, 484 samples of pediatrics patients with suspected cases of influenza A H1N1 were received and tested by rRT-PCR. Result: During January to March 2015, a total of 484 samples of pediatric patients were received for H1N1 influenza; 207 samples were positive for H1N1 influenza, of which 111 (23%) were of boys and 96 (20%) of girls. Neonates accounted for 19% cases; infants for 20%; and preschool age children for 25%; 19% were aged between 5 and 10 years and 17% between 11 and 18 years. Among these patients, the mortality was 10%. Conclusion: Positivity rate of H1N1 influenza in our study was 43% for pediatric patients with peak incidence in winter in mid-February, which is a major public health problem. Regular observation is warranted for early identification of any antigenic variants to realize the seasonality and analyze the role of factors such as temperature, rainfall, and humidity in the spreading of influenza viruses.

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