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-This paper presents an equivalent circuit model of a LIPB (Li-Ion Polymer battery) for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). The proposed equivalent circuit can be used to predict the charging/discharging characteristics in time domain as well as the impedance characteristic analysis in frequency domain. Based on these features, a one-cell model is established as a function of Depth of Discharge (DoD), and a 48-cell model for a battery pack was also established. It was confirmed by experiment that the proposed model predict the discharging and impedance (AC) characteristics quite accurately at different constant current levels. To check the usefulness of the proposed circuit, the model was used to simulate a motor driving circuit with an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) inverter and Brushless DC (BLDC) motor, and it is confirmed that the model can calculate the battery voltage fluctuation in time domain at different DoDs.

We present an efficient design approach for a plasmonic slot waveguide using a genetic algorithm. The analyzed structure consists of a nanometric slot in a thin metallic film embedded within a dielectric. To achieve high confinement without long propagation length, the thickness and width of the slot are optimally designed in order to optimize the figures of merit including mode confinement and propagation length. The optimized design is based on the finite element method and enhances the guiding and focusing of light power propagation.

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Abstruct -The structure and the characteristics of optimal design procedure of electromagnetic devices are examined and the three different approaches to design sensitivity derivation is reviewed. For the shape design problems of the transient eddy current systems driven by voltage sources, the design sensitivity i s derived in an explicit form to the design variables using the finite element algebraic system equation and the adjoint variable m d o d .The original state variable eqnation is an initial value problem, but the adjoint variable equation is derived as a terminal value problem. And both equations are solved using time-stepping finite element method. As a numerical example, the coil-positioning problem of an induction heating system is tested and the proposed algorithm is validated.