While the participating panel members recognize that there currently is a limited evidence base to support the expert panel's recommendations, primary care providers and pain specialists are largely acting today based on anecdote, intuition, and individual experience. The recommendations are meant to begin to provide a framework for standardizing practices for UDM in the treatment of chronic pain, and to serve as a catalyst to advance research that quantifies the effects of UDM on opioid therapy management and patient outcomes.

FBT resulted in more rapid onset of analgesia and was generally well tolerated in comparison with oxycodone for the treatment of BTP in opioid-tolerant patients.

Fentanyl buccal tablet was associated with rapid onset of analgesia and improvements in functional status and patient satisfaction compared with immediate-release oxycodone.

The patient was rapidly stabilized following left stellate ganglion blockade.