Fewer sphincter-sparing procedures were performed on rectal cancer patients with psychiatric diagnoses. However, no significant differences in postoperative complications were observed.

Crohn's-related surgical interventions and stoma constructions have increased. The largest predictors for stoma construction are weight loss and perianal fistulizing disease. As a result, nutrition should be optimized and the early involvement of a multidisciplinary team should be considered.

Within 3 years after publication of the COST trial, the use of laparoscopic resection for colon cancer approached that of benign disease. However, almost 90% of cases are still performed open and utilization remains influenced by socioeconomic factors.

The presence of high-expression polymorphisms at position -174 of the IL-6 gene and position +874 of the IFN-gamma gene significantly increases the risk for BOS development after lung transplantation.