Summa". This paper describes two principal sources of bottomhole-assembly (BHA) bending vibration: (1) drill-collar whirling and (2) linear coupling between weight-on-bit (WOB) fluctuations and bending vibration of an initially curved BHA. It also evaluates the consequences of bending vibration in terms of drill-collar wear and connection fatigue. Equations are given for forward and backward whirl rate and for tangential velocity at the borehole wall. Downhole measurements of bending moment are used to detect and to identify bending-vibration events, and data taken with a downhole vibration-measurement system are used to illustrate cases oflinearly coupled bending vibration, forward and backward whirl, and bit bounce.
Despite of considerable research activity during the last decades considerable uncertainties still remain in prediction of Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIV) of risers. Model tests of risers subjected to current have been shown to be a useful method for investigation of the VIV behavior of risers with and without suppression devices.In order to get further insight on VIV of risers, an extensive hydrodynamic test program of riser models subjected to vortexinduced vibrations was undertaken during the winter 2010 by Shell Oil Company.The VIV-model test campaign was performed in the MARINTEK Offshore Basin Laboratory. A new test rig was constructed and showed to give good test conditions. Three different 38m long riser models were towed horizontally at different speeds, simulating uniform and linearly varying sheared current. Measurements were made In-Line (IL) and Cross-Flow (CF) of micro bending strains and accelerations along the risers. The test program compromised about 400 tests, which give a rich test material for further studies.In the present paper the test set-up and program are presented and selected results are reported.
INTRODUCTIONThe key objectives of the riser VIV model test campaign were:
Background
Nurses are increasingly using genetic-directed therapies in routine care, but evidence indicates that nurse educators lack knowledge about basic genetic concepts and related clinical implications. Educators are the key to preparing future nurses for effective practice in the genomic era, and creative approaches are needed for faculty development.
Method
Nurse educators in academic and clinical settings partnered with science educators who use sophisticated DNA, RNA, and protein models to explore ways to teach abstract genetic concepts.
Results
Hands-on learning enabled the workshop participants to understand how transcription of gene mutations leads to the translation of defective proteins responsible for specific diseases. Participants found using the models helped clarified complex concepts that occur at the cellular level.
Conclusion
Partnerships with science educators can address gaps in nurse educators' knowledge about genetics and introduce creative teaching strategies.
Understanding the level of conservatism in a riser system design for vortex-induced vibration (VIV) fatigue is an important issue for operators. This study represents a demonstration of the calibration methodology to derive consistent values for the Factor of Safety (FoS). The exercise is performed here based on medium scale VIV data and utilizing the most commonly used VIV prediction software by industry. The results emphasize the need for (i) a coherent approach to estimate the FoS to be used and (ii) monitoring/measurement of software improvements as this may increase risk of failure if the influence of such improvements on the FoS is not quantified.
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