The purpose of this paper is to explore the increasingly important economic and business relationship between the People's Republic of China and the countries of Africa. Our focus is on how this partnership manifests itself in investments. The research questions are: first, how has the relationship changed over time and second, from an African perspective has this relationship been beneficial? Finally, how has the recent economic downturn affected their partnership? Our investigation shows that Chinese investment has been motivated by a desire to access critical resources (oil, bauxite, etc.). The Chinese approach was been to downplay political issues (e.g., human rights). Although recipient African nations have received investment inflows, they have come with certain drawbacks. For instance, they have negatively impacted local trade and commerce. Also, in some cases African labor has not benefited from Chinese investment.

In the last three decades China's economic development have achieved great many things some of which are 73 or more companies among the Global Fortune 500 (E & Y Report, 2012). This progress accelerated the country second to the US in its ranking. In addition, Chinese companies are expected to represent close to one fifth of all Global 500s by the 2020. The economy consistently grew 10 percent for the past decades and is anticipated to recover from the recent global financial crisis faster than some Western nations (Ju and Mirza, 2012). The economic growth has created debate among two camps; the skeptics are projecting the bust is near, while the cohorts claim to foresee continuity in the general direction. The purpose of this paper is therefore, to examine China's economic development in light of an assertive strategic leadership that created sustainable economic development and distinguish the challenges of implementing a strategy to create competitive advantage through multiple economic systems; a market lead economy and a robust state developmentalism. The main question is; could it be possible for China to continue on the path of economic development and create a competitive advantage? If so, what are the opportunities and the challenges? Examination of the questions by using Institutional theory, leadership strategy, economic growth and institutional development theories indicated that continuity of the economic development depends on an assertive leadership and liberalization. Also, China should look into its own brand, and create unique or differentiated products, methods and processes that can sustain economic development. The local sector has similar characteristics as western market lead economy; that the managers are motivated by financial incentives that are received when their decision lead to an overall profit.

This paper investigates Indian's policy and Indian firms' strategic presence in Africa. Recognizing the historical link between the two entities, our examination show that foreign investment outlays to Africa are sustainable. Further examination using foreign direct investment (FDI) and Porter's Competitive Advantage theories suggest some advantages enjoyed by Indian firms therein. Three publicly listed Indian companiesTata Group, Bharti Enterprises, and Reliance have made extensive use of strategic alliances to penetrate and quickly accelerate activities.

This paper is focused on the recent strengthening of political and economic ties between Brazil and African countries and it will explore the following distinctive experience that seem to vary from the traditional IB theories and models. First, the connection with African countries is enhanced by Brazil's leadership and their use of incentives and policies that is encouraging deeper South-South trade and internationalization