"The scientific need to recognize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human psychosocial functioning requires reliable and valid research tools to assess this impact. Therefore, we designed a study to create and further validate a Polish version of a research instrument assessing stress, anxiety, and fear related to the pandemic – the COVID Stress Scales (CSS; Taylor et al., 2020). This paper presents the specific research steps designed to develop and validate the Polish-language version of CSS (Taylor et al., 2020). These steps are as follows: 1) the translation of the original CSS into the Polish language by three independent translators and the back-translation by three other independent translators; 2) the assessment of the equivalence of the Polish translation of CSS in a study involving a sample of 30-60 bilingual people, fluent both in English and Polish languages; 3) the pilot study employing the pre-final Polish version of CSS; 4) the validation study involving a sample 600-900 participants in which the following instruments will be used: the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Scale, the Short Health Anxiety Inventory, the Social Desirability Scale, the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised Scale, the Xenophobia subscale of the Questionnaire of Political Beliefs and the subscale Sensation seeking from the Impulsive Behavior Scale. We expect that the Polish version of CSS will be widely used by Polish researchers in their studies concerning the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other epidemiological threats on mental health. At the same time, we hope that our study will provide results that will help foreign researchers understand the COVID-19 pandemic in other countries."

this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Facebook addiction and satisfaction with the relationship status. The online study involved 105 participants between the age of 18-36 (M = 24.31, SD = 3.35), including 63 women and 42 men. The participants completed the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS; Andreassen, Torsheim, Brunborg, Pallesen, 2012) in Polish adaptation by Charzyńska and Góźdź (2014) and the Satisfaction with Relationship Status Scale (ReSta; Lehmann et al., 2015) in Polish adaptation by Adamczyk (2019). Correlation analysis was carried out between Facebook addiction and satisfaction with the relationship status. Correlation between variables was statistical significant. The findings revealed the existing link between Facebook addiction and status satisfaction. It is need of the future research in this area, among others replication of the study on the bigger respondents group.

Dans la préface américaine de Caligula and three other plays, Camus désigne Vies des douze Césars comme la source première de sa pièce. Toutefois, comme cet article va le démontrer, même si Camus emprunte en effet de Suétone des épisodes et des détails concernant la vie de l’empereur,  il dote tous ces éléments d’une nouvelle signification. À la différence de Suétone, qui attribue la folie de Caligula à une maladie, Camus cherche à donner à ce comportement violent et étrange un sens qui échappe au domaine médical. Ayant beaucoup travaillé sur Nietzsche, notamment sur La naissance de la tragédie Camus marque son personnage de traits dionysiaques, en attirant surtout l’attention sur l’aspect simultané de la création et de la destruction. Dans les pages qui suivent nous allons examiner  l’importance du mythe du dieu de la folie dans le processus de perception et de réception de la folie de Caligula par le destinataire du texte camusien.

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The present study examines social, family, and romantic loneliness as mediators and satisfaction with social and intimate relationships as moderators in the link between daily spiritual experiences and purpose in life. This cross-sectional and longitudinal investigation involved 700 Polish adults at T1 (M = 39.83, SD = 9.24) and 236 at T2. Our cross-sectional analyses revealed that lower satisfaction with social relationships and higher daily spiritual experiences are related to lower family and social loneliness, whereas lower intimate relationship satisfaction and higher daily spiritual experiences are related to decreased social and romantic loneliness, which contribute to a greater purpose in life. The longitudinal data analyses did not support the concurrent moderated mediation model. The enhancing function of daily spiritual experiences for purpose in life concerns domain-specific loneliness and manifests amid decreased levels of satisfaction with social and intimate relationships.