Holarrhena antidysenterica belongs to the Apocynaceae family and is generally known as kurchi in Hindi. It is a small deciduous tree found in arid woods throughout the world including India. H. Antidysenterica is commonly used in Indian traditional medicine to treat Inflammatory Bowel disease, dysentery, diarrhoea and worms in the intestines.  Plant parts like bark are useful in antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatments, amoebiasis, chronic bronchitis, boils, and ulcers. The Phytoconstituents   found in the plant ergosterol, flavonoids, phenolic acids, resins, saponins, steroidal alkaloids, coumarins, tannins and triterpenoids. Anti-amnesic, anti-diabetic, antibacterial action, anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrhoeal, antioxidant/free radical activity ,  radical scavenging, diuretic, anti-amoebic, anthelmintic and anti-microbial effects are found as pharmacological properties of Holarrhena  antidysenterica. H. antidysenterica bark contains alkaloids the most important of which is the steroidal alkaloid conessine which is the major therapeutic constituent. Conarrhimine, Conimine, Conamine, Conessidine, Isoconessimine, Dimethyl Conkurchine and Holarrhimine are among the various alkaloids studied. The bark also includes gum, resin, tannin, lupeol and the digitenol glycoside Holadysone in addition to alkaloids. Bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica is used to treat malaria, chest infections, asthma, bronchopneumonia, stomach disorders, dyspepsia, diarrhoea and dysentery. Keywords: HA- Holarrhena antidysenterica, IBD- Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Collitus

Galantamine, like nor-belladine, is a benzazepine. Galanthus and other plants of the Amaryllidaceae are the most common sources of it. Galantamine is used to combat the muscle effects of gallamine triethiodide and tubocurarine by acting as a cholinesterase inhibitor. The review reveals the protective effects of galantamine on the functions and integrity of the liver, brain and memory impairment. Various independent studies have shown anti-Alzheimer, antioxidant, antidiabetic and neuroprotective effect of galantamine. The current review highlights current knowledge and the health-promoting effects of a drug known as galantamine. This review summarizes the current state in the pharmacology of galantamine, focusing on its effects on tolerance, dosage, drug interactions and pharmacological studies in animal models. Keywords: Galantamine, Pharmacology, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Neuroprotective, Protective effect.

Dementia is a word for an acquired illness in which two or more cognitive abilities are lost due to a brain disease or injury. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer's type dementia (DAT). It has been associated to cerebral cortical degenerative anomalies. It's also visible in neurologic diseases that primarily affect subcortical systems such as the basal ganglia and brain stem. The causes are plaques of β-amyloid and tangles of intraneuronal tau protein. Dementia is addressed in this overview. Pathophysiology, epidemiology, and different varieties of dementia; contributing factors to dementia; symptoms, causes, diagnosis, prevention, and care; and new breakthroughs in dementia treatment. It also looks at how patients with mental problems coped during the COVID-19 outbreak. Patients may require more therapies to manage their illness, and some future drugs are now being explored. Keywords: Dementia, Alzheimer's, Plaques, Cognitive training, β-amyloid