A new strain of the old pandemic, Monkeypox (MPX), has emerged with a more complicated clinical appearance. It is a source of relief that the fatality rate in the new monkeypox is lower, but communicability is higher. This infection’s diagnosis and therapy are still challenging and unknown. Researchers are reporting increased human-to-human transmission in the modified version of MPX. There have been several reports of the updated version of monkeypox in the European and American areas. Brazil, Colombia, France, Spain, Germany, Peru, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America have recorded over three thousand new cases of monkeypox through October 2022. Few antiviral medicines and vaccines are available on the market, making treatment of this condition difficult. MPX was previously declared an epidemic disease, but ignorance about it can bring devastation in the shape of the next pandemic-like COVID-19. This review aims to assess the virology, transmission, diagnosis, and therapy of MPX.

Fatty acid, present in edible oil, is a key constituent in our diet. The iodine number is a measure of the amount of unsaturated fatty acid in fat and oil. Iodine is a trace element that is required by humans for normal biological function. The iodine value (IV) of four edible oils was determined in this study: castor oil, peppermint oil, almond oil, and coconut oil. Iodine is a wonderful reagent for converting the unsaturation into the saturation of fat and oil. The purported technique offered a reliable and rapid determination of IV. The Wijs, or iodine monochloride, potassium iodate, and American Oil Chemists' Society's (AOCS) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) are all used to determine IV. Both Wijs and potassium iodate are iodometry-based titrations, whereas the AOCS method is applied through FT-IR. C=C stretching in the range of 1635.48cm-1-1652.77 cm-1, C=O band in the range of 1744.23 cm-1- 1747.49 cm-1, C-H stretching in the range of 2923.9 cm-1- 2925.85 cm-1, O-H stretching in the range of 3448 cm-1- 3472 cm-1 were observed in different dilution for identification of unsaturated fatty acid in numerous oils through FT-IR. All methods are satisfactory; meanwhile, the potassium iodate method is safer than the Wijs method experimentally and more economical than the AOCS method. IV for castor oil, peppermint oil, almond oil, and coconut oil were computed at 84.67 I2/100g,5.56 I2/100gm,99.09 I2/100gm,8.21 I2/100gm along with the deviation by three methods.

Cancer cells are more easily triggered to carry out apoptosis than normal cells. 12 This can be attributed to the increased sensitivity of cancer cells to apoptosis caused by environmental stress or hypoxia. 13 In addition, tumor/cancer cells are also more sensitive when apoptosis is triggered through

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent and chronic illnesses associated with an abnormally high level of glucose in the body which is hazardous to the body organs. Metformin Hydrochloride (HCl), a biguanide derivative is used for Type 2 DM. It has a relatively short plasma half-life and its regular administration is required to maintain a normal blood glucose level in diabetic patients. Therefore, sustained-release medications are a suitable approach to increase patient compliance and extend the duration of the effect of metformin for 8-12 hr. The main goal of this investigation was to prepare an oral sustained-release tablet of metformin HCl using natural polymers as release rate-controlling agents. Materials and Methods: Polymer fused metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablet was formulated with sodium alginate, and pectin alone and in combinations at different ratios, by direct compression method. Evaluations: The formulation was evaluated for pre-compression parameters, like drug-excipient interaction (using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), drug solubility, flow properties and density of powder blends. The compressed tablets were evaluated for diameter, friability, thickness, weight variation, hardness, content uniformity and in vitro drug release. Results: The drug release study showed that sodium alginate and pectin alone and in combination were able to sustain the drug release. It is also suggested that if the amount of polymer increased, the drug release decreased. Formulation (MA3) containing the highest amount of sodium alginate (250mg) gave 93.06% drug release after 12 hr and was therefore chosen as the best formulation. Diffusion and erosion may be the mechanism of drug release, according to the kinetic modelling of the in vitro drug release.

The present work comprised of the preparation of coated HPMC capsules of meloxicam microspheres in order to target the drug release in colon resulting in increased absorption and subsequent bioavailability. The meloxicam microspheres were developed in nineteen different batches using HPMC, combination of EC with HPMC, Eudragits (S100, RS100 and E100) in different drug and polymer ratios by solvent evaporation method. The formulation of different batches were examined by various studies i.e. percentage yield, surface morphology (SEM), particle size analysis, entrapment efficiency, drug compatibility with polymers using FTIR and in-vitro drug release determinations. The complex of meloxicam with β-cyclodextrin increased the solubility of the drug accompanying its in-vitro release. The microspheres filled HPMC capsules were coated with eudragit S100 which proved to be an effective method for drug targeting to the colon. A 22 factorial design showed that a very significant increase in release of the drug using polymers i.e. HPMC, E.C with HPMC, Eudragit S100, Eudragit RS100, Eudragit E100 could be obtained by the exclusive manipulation of two variables i.e. surfactant and polymer concentrations. The drug loaded microspheres showed percentage drug entrapment as 35.09-62.50% in A1-A4, 76.29-87.78% in B1-B4, 81.36-92.70% in S1-S4, 65.47-69.4% in RS1-RS4 and 68.91-78.08% in E1-E3. The pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and simulated colonic fluid were used for the in-vitro release tests. The best drug release profiles were seen with formulations A3, B2, RS1, S1 and E2 (containing different ratios of drug: polymer) coated with 15% (w/v) Eudragit S-100 solution.