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Propolis is a by-product of honeybee farming known for its broad therapeutic benefits around the world and extensively used in the health food and beverage industry. Despite Australia being one...

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: In the last two decades, the flavanoids containing fused heterocyclic nucleus in their chemical structure have emerged to display a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory the most recent to the list. These polyphenolic compounds exert their pharmacological effect by various mechanisms including inhibition of human neutrophil elastase, cytokines (Interleukins- IL-3 and IL-4) and mast cells. Quercetin, Pycnogenol, Rutin and Kampferol are the few bio-flavonols out of hundreds of other compounds still under clinical trials that have been studied most. These flavonoids have been also reported to the other pharmacological effects like anti-cancer, anti-oxidants, anti-hypertensive, anti-viral, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-platelet, anti-hypotensive and anti-hepatotoxic. With all these versatile properties heterocyclic containing flavonoids may be a powerful candidate for the discovery of their utilization in other ailments like asthma.