Background: Most patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) exhibit severe comorbidities accompanied by frailty. This study assessed and risk-stratified mortality after infrainguinal bypass (IB) in CLI and investigated the effects of frailty. Methods and Results:The study retrospectively reviewed 107 consecutive CLI patients who had undergone de novo IB due to atherosclerotic disease. Data regarding patient age, comorbidities, laboratory data, and functional status were collected; functional status was evaluated using the Barthel index (BI) and nutritional status was evaluated using albumin concentrations and body mass index (BMI). Mean (±SD) BI and BMI were 75±16 and 22±4 kg/m 2 , respectively. BI (hazard ratio [HR] 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94-0.99, P=0.004), BMI (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.75-0.95, P=0.003), atrial fibrillation (AF; HR 5.31; 95% CI 2.12-13.30, P<0.001), and ejection fraction (EF; HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.91-0.98, P=0.003) were independent predictors of mortality. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on BI (BI >75, n=71; and BI <70, n=36). Survival after IB was significantly lower for the lower BI group (P<0.001, log-rank test). After propensity score matching, post-IB survival remained significantly lower in the lower BI group (P=0.02).Conclusions: BI, BMI, AF, and EF were independently associated with all-cause mortality after IB for CLI. BI and BMI may be useful in identifying and optimizing treatment for high-risk frail patients.

Short-stretch bandages can be expected to have more pronounced benefits for augmenting muscle pump than long-stretch bandages and short-stretch stockings.

The reliability of this new method, which can be easily applied to not only elastic stockings but also elastic bandages, was verified. In clinical practice, the compression pressure should be selected in consideration of the prospective stiffness.

CKD stage ≥3 was a significant risk for CRD after OS for P/JRAA. Renal artery clamping seemed innocuous for patients with a preoperative eGFR of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m in terms of CRD. No significant impact of left renal vein division on CRD was confirmed.

Short-stretch arm sleeves characterized with a high level stiffness, including thick round- and flat-knitted arm sleeves, are more beneficial for the augmentation of muscle pumping than long-stretch arm sleeves, in the same way as short-stretch bandages or stockings applied to the leg.