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. It will be shown here that these circuits belong to a class of circuits not only composed of linear VT 1 convertors, but also of linear 1-V convertors and a large number of computational circuits in the current domain. Examples of such computational circuits are squaring circuits, divider circuits, and multiplier circuits. The basic principle on which these circuits rely will be explained at the hand of a basic subcircuit characterizing this class of circuits.In this section we are concerned with the ideal relationships between the input and output signals of these circuits. The square-law behavior for the current-voltage relationship of the MOS transistor in saturation is assumed as

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A new technique is presented for dividing currents accurately and linearly by using MOS transistors only. This technique is valid in all operating regions of an MOS transistor. With this technique, a volume control circuit is realized with an attenuation of 0 to -84 dB in steps of 2 dB. The measured THD is better than -85 dB and the dynamic range is better than 100 dB. The chip is realized in a standard digital CMOS process and chip area is 0.22 mm2.

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