Eficácia de herbicidas isolados ou em mistura no controle da planta exótica invasora Urochloa subquadriparaEffectiveness of herbicides isolated or in mixture in control of the exotic plant invasive Urochloa subquadripara Resumo -O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia dos herbicidas glyphosate, saflufenacil, imazamox, imazapyr e penoxsulam, isolados e em mistura, no controle de Urochloa subquadripara. Para tanto, em casa de vegetação, cinco ponteiros das plantas foram transplantados em caixas de 2,5 litros contento 5 cm de solo, areia grossa lavada e composto orgânico (na proporção 1:1:1). Após 30 dias, foi realizada a aplicação dos herbicidas com pulverizador costal à pressão constante de 25 psi mantida por CO 2 , com consumo de calda equivalentes a 200 L ha -1 . As avaliações foram efetuadas por meio de notas de eficácia aos 3, 7, 15, 21, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Os herbicidas glyphosate e imazamox, isolados, apresentaram excelente controle (100%) de U. subquadripara, enquanto que, o imazapyr e o penoxsulam (48 g ha -1 ) apresentaram controle satisfatório com 80 a 85% de eficácia de controle. Os herbicidas glyphosate, imazamox e imazapyr (isolados e em mistura), o saflufenacil + glyphosate (mistura) e o penoxsulam + glyphosate (mistura) podem ser empregados em programas de manejo desta planta aquática invasora. Palavras-chave: braquiária d'água, controle químico, modelo biológico, plantas aquáticasAbstract -The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate, saflufenacil, imazamox, imazapyr and penoxsulam alone or in combination in the control of Urochloa subquadripara.To do so, in greenhouse, five plant pointers were transplanted into 2.5 liter boxes containing 5.0 cm of soil, washed coarse sand and organic compound (1:1:1; ratio). After 30 days, the herbicides with costal sprayer were applied at a constant pressure of 25 p.s.i. maintained by CO 2 , with consumption of syrup equivalent to 200 L ha -1 . The evaluations were performed through efficacy notes at 3, 7, 15, 21, 30, 45 and 60 days after application (DAA). The herbicides glyphosate and imazamox, isolated, showed excellent control (100%) of U. subquadripara, whereas imazapyr and penoxsulam (48.0 g ha -1 ) presented satisfactory control with 80 to 85% control efficacy. The herbicides glyphosate, imazamox and imazapyr (isolated and mixed), saflufenacil + glyphosate (mixture) and penoxsulam + glyphosate (mixture) can be used in management programs of this invasive aquatic plant.

This study aimed to establish the mass cultivation of Wolffia brasiliensis under laboratory conditions, determine the sensitivity of reference substances (potassium dichromate, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride), and estimate the acute toxicity (LC50;7d) for the herbicide glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, imazapyr, 2,4-D, saflufenacil, imazamox, penoxsulam, metsulfuron-methyl, and atrazine. Three media were tested for culture establishment: Hoagland’s medium, 5.0 g L-1 NPK fertilizer (20-5-20), a mixture of Oxisol + organic substrate of decaying aquatic plant (2:1; v v-1). Sensitivity tests with reference substances and acute toxicity for herbicides were carried out after establishing the cultivation. The species W. brasiliensis presented an excellent sensitivity response to reference substances, with means of LC50;7d of 15.61±2.13 g L-1, 17.02±0.50 g L-1, and 52.54±4.27 mg L-1 for sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and potassium dichromate, respectively. The acute toxicity response indicated that W. brasiliensis was extremely sensitive to diquat (LC50;7d = 0.07 mg L-1) and paraquat (LC50;7d < 0.05 mg L-1), sensitive to imazapyr (LC50;7d = 21.10 mg L-1), and little sensitive to the other herbicides. The response capacity for the different groups of herbicides, the standardized response to reference substances, and ease of cultivation in the laboratory indicate the potential for using this aquatic plant in the assessment of herbicide risk in aquatic environments.