No abstract

A significant number of patients experienced oesophageal wall injury post PVAI. Initiating PPIs in this group of patients might facilitate recovery of oesophageal wall injuries caused by radio-frequency energy delivery.

Rates of long-term freedom from AF after cryoballoon ablation are similar to those reported for radiofrequency ablation. A choice between balloons may improve outcomes.

Unilateral transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation significantly reduces episodes of CSA and restores a more natural breathing pattern in patients with heart failure. This approach may represent a novel therapy for CSA and warrants further study.