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Background: Haemangiomas are uncommon chest wall tumours arising outside the rib cage. Their occurrence in intercostal muscle is extremely rare. Aim: We describe a case of intercostal muscle cavernous haemangioma as a differential diagnosis for chest wall swelling. Case description: We describe an 18-year-old male patient with an asymptomatic left-sided chest wall swelling. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a well-defined homogenously non-enhancing mass lesion arising from the seventh intercostal muscle with differential diagnoses of various chest wall tumours. Clinical presentation and imaging findings were inconclusive, but histopathological examination following excision biopsy revealed a cavernous haemangioma. The present case emphasizes the importance of histopathological diagnosis when clinical and radiological examination is inconclusive. Hence, it is necessary to consider intercostal muscle haemangiomas as a differential diagnosis for chest wall tumours in the absence of a feeding vessel. Conclusion: Despite its rare occurrence, intercostal muscle haemangioma must be considered as a differential diagnosis in chest wall tumours even in the absence of a feeding vessel. We believe that histopathology can provide a definitive diagnosis when most investigative procedures are inconclusive.

Hydatidosis is a common zoonotic disease with high prevalence in developing countries. While solitary cyst with unilateral lung involvement is common, bilateral involvement and multiple cysts are rare, seen in 20% and 30% of the cases. Likewise, extensive involvement of extrapulmonary tissues and mediastinum is rare. We report an unusual case of mediastinal hydatidosis mimicking an intrathoracic malignancy in a 24-year-old female. She presented with a history of left-sided chest pain and heaviness in the left hemithorax for a period of two months. Diffuse, multiple fluid-filled cystic lesion with internal echoes throughout the mediastinum, lung, pericardium, diaphragm and chestwall were observed in contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the thorax. An incidental cystic lesion in liver was noted. Since serology for echinococcosis was negative, a differential diagnosis of intrathoracic malignancy was considered. However, intraoperative and histopathologic findings were suggestive of hydatidosis. Keywords: Hydatid cyst; intrathoracic malignancy; computed tomography; magnetic resonance imaging; mediastinum