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Background: Garlic (Allium sativum) is currently used as a natural supplement for the treatment of various diseases and disorders, because it has antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This systematic review aimed to summarize the in vitro and in vivo effects of garlic against Schistosoma spp. Method: The current study was carried out according to the PRISMA guideline and registered in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Facility (SyRF) database. Literature search was conducted using five databases; namely Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar from January 2008 to January 2021. The search was restricted to articles published in English language. The search was performed using appropriate syntax and specific tags for each database. Results: Of 2,600 studies, 10 met the eligibility criteria for review. All studies used Schistosoma mansoni and garlic. Ten studies (90%) were performed in vivo and one study in vitro. The results of studies showed that garlic can remove the parasite through a direct effect on the parasite itself, such as changes in the parasite's coat or destruction of its spines, or indirectly by strengthening the immune response against the parasite. Conclusion: Effective anti-schistosomal responses of garlic in studies show that the active compounds of garlic can be used as a complement with chemical drugs or as an alternative for them, and this is needed to optimize the consumption of these active compounds for medicinal uses.

Background: Hydatidosis is a parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. The aim of the current systematic review study was to clarify the effect of garlic on hydatid cyst in vivo and in vitro. Method: We performed our analyses up to Feb 20, 2021, in accordance with the PRISMA guideline. We systematically searched five English databases (Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Ovid and Cochrane) and four Persian databases (Scientific Information Database [SID], Iran Medex, Iran Doc, and Magiran) with appropriate syntax. The data was extracted from the relevant articles and analyzed. Results: From 160 studies obtained by initial search, nine studies were selected for further analysis. Among 6 in vitro study, 3 (50%) used methanolic extract, 2 (34%) hydroalcoholic and chloroformic extract, and 1 (16%) chloroformic extract. Two (67%) studies used BALB/c mice, and one study (33%) used Swiss albino mice. The method of treatment of mice in all studies was oral. The results showed that garlic has mild to potent effect on hydatidosis and this effect was more considerable in vitro than in vivo. Conclusion: Based on the results of various studies, it can be concluded that Allium sativum extract can be used as a suitable alternative to drugs such as Albendazole or can be used as complementary treatment to reduce the dose of the current drugs.