Purpose Although middle managers play important roles in forming strategies and generating innovation, few studies have explored the influence of management control systems (MCS) on employees’ behaviors or performance at the middle-management level. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect an interactive use of MCS has on individual performance at the unit level. Design/methodology/approach A longitudinal, multisource and multilevel survey was conducted among 373 nurses in 20 units at a Japanese public hospital. Findings The multi-level analyzes indicate that middle managers’ interactive use of MCS has a direct and indirect positive influence on individual performance, through proactive behavior, as well as through psychological empowerment and, subsequently, through proactive behavior. Research limitations/implications As the present study collected data from nurses at a Japanese hospital, it is necessary to conduct research in other countries using different occupations to verify the findings. Practical implications Organizations need to be aware that the interactive use of MCS can be an effective tool for empowering and motivating employees. Originality/value The present study contributes to the literature by clarifying the mechanisms of how the interactive use of MCS influences employees’ psychological and behavioral outcomes at the middle-management level.

Abstract-Recently, Service Level Agreement (SLA) and green SLA (GSLA) becomes very important for both the service providers/vendors and as well as for the users/customers. There are many ways to inform users/customers about various services with its inherent execution functionalities and even nonfunctional/Quality of Service (QoS) aspects through SLAs. However, these basic SLAs actually do not cover eco-efficient green issues or IT ethics issues for sustainable development. That is why green SLA (GSLA) already came into play for achieving sustainability in the industry. Nevertheless, the current practice of GSLA in the industry do not respect the sustainability at all. GSLA defined as a formal agreement incorporating all the traditional commitments respecting some green computing parameters such as carbon footprint, energy consumption etc. Therefore, there are still gaps for achieving sustainability through existing GSLA. To reach the goal of achieving sustainability and getting more customers, many IT (Information Technology) and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) business are looking for a real GSLA which would meet the ecological, economical and ethical aspects (3Es) of sustainability. This research discovers the missing parameters and introduce new parameters under sustainability hoods. In addition, it defines GSLA of sustainability with new green performance indicators and their measurable units. It also discovers the management complexity of proposed new GSLA through designing a general informational model and identifies various new entities and their effects with other entities under three pillars of sustainability. The ICT engineer could use the informational model as a guideline to design a sustainable GSLA for the industry. Therefore, the proposed model could help different service providers/vendors to define their future business strategies for the upcoming sustainable society.

The pedicle ILM flap transposition technique has the potential to improve functional and anatomical outcomes in patients with refractory MHs.

Homologous recombination is an evolutionally conserved mechanism that promotes genome stability through the faithful repair of double-strand breaks and single-strand gaps in DNA, and the recovery of stalled or collapsed replication forks. Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATP-dependent DNA helicase Srs2 (a member of the highly conserved UvrD family of helicases) has multiple roles in regulating homologous recombination. A mutation (srs2K41A) resulting in a helicase-dead mutant of Srs2 was found to be lethal in diploid, but not in haploid, cells. In diploid cells, Srs2K41A caused the accumulation of inter-homolog joint molecule intermediates, increased the levels of spontaneous Rad52 foci, and induced gross chromosomal rearrangements. Srs2K41A lethality and accumulation of joint molecules were suppressed by inactivating Rad51 or deleting the Rad51-interaction domain of Srs2, whereas phosphorylation and sumoylation of Srs2 and its interaction with sumoylated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were not required for lethality. The structure-specific complex of crossover junction endonucleases Mus81 and Mms4 was also required for viability of diploid, but not haploid, SRS2 deletion mutants (srs2Δ), and diploid srs2Δ mus81Δ mutants accumulated joint molecule intermediates. Our data suggest that Srs2 and Mus81–Mms4 have critical roles in preventing the formation of (or in resolving) toxic inter-homolog joint molecules, which could otherwise interfere with chromosome segregation and lead to genetic instability.

Traction retinal detachment may occur as a result of severe vitreous liquefaction in cases of Gaucher disease with numerous vitreous opacities.