Rabies is a type of acute fetal encephalitis caused by rabies virus (RABV). While it becomes incurable after symptom onset, it can be prevented by post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) during the long incubation period. While preclinical diagnosis aids the appropriate PEP administration, it is mostly nonfeasible owing to the absence of viremia or a specific antibody response during the incubation period. Here, an attempt was made to identify a serum biomarker for the preclinical diagnosis of rabies. Using the serum from a mouse inoculated intramuscularly (i.m.) with 5 × 10 5 focusforming units (FFU) of recombinant RABV expressing red firefly luciferase (1088/ RFLuc) immediately before symptom onset, two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis was conducted, followed by mass spectrometry, and it was confirmed that apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) was up-regulated. ELISA showed that the serum ApoA1 and specific antibody levels increased during the incubation period and on the day of symptom onset. Since a lower infectious dose can be used to induce the unstable and long incubation period generally observed in natural infection, the ApoA1 level in mice inoculated i.m. with 10 3 FFU of 1088/RFLuc was examined by monitoring viral dynamics using in vivo imaging. The serum ApoA1 and specific antibody levels wereThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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�The structural-seismic safety is evaluated by the amount of plasticity energy. The prediction method based on energy balance has been established, and this method is founded on simplified shear spring model. In case of the vibration control structure having the hysteretic dampers, the shear spring model excessively evaluates the efficiency of the vibration control of the dampers because the effective damper deformation is not considered.In this paper, the shear spring model considering the effective deformation of the hysteretic damper is made by connecting the series spring to the damper. This series spring can be obtained without the push-over analysis of the material model. In addition, the prediction method based on energy balance considering the effective damper deformation is proposed.