The expression level of Shiga-like toxin of the two local isolates of E. coli O157:H7 did not only depend on the regulatory elements of the stx2 gene.

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Purpose: It has been suggested that Shiga-like toxins produced by Escherichia coli O157:H7 could be used as novel therapeutic agents against malignant tumors. In addition, the antitumor potency of local isolates from Indonesia, which are known to be less toxic than the control isolate ATCC 43894, has not yet been tested. The study aimed to analyze local strains of E. coli O157:H7 as a proapoptosis agent on the T47 breast cancer cell line. Methods: As many as 30 culture cells of T47D breast cancer cell line were subjected to purified extracts of Shiga-like toxin originating from 5 local isolates of E. coli O157:H7: KL-48(2), SM-25(1), SM-7(1), DS-21(4), and 1 isolate ATCC 43894 which was used as a control. Toxin production of each isolate was detected using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the treatment of cell lines was observed for 24 hours, with 2 replications; 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tests and acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining assays were used for detection and analyses of apoptosis. Results: The study showed 2 local strains of E. coli O157:H7 (codes KL-48(2) and SM-25(1)) had toxins positive at titer 5 and 10 μg/100 μL. These titers were lower than the control isolate ATCC 43894, but they had a necrosis effect higher ( P < .05), ie, 80.3%, than control isolate, ie, 63.3%. Other local strain SM-25(1) also had a good necrosis effect. It has a nondifferent necrosis effect ( P > .05) with the control isolate ATCC 43894, ie, 13.0% from 13.3%. Conclusion: This study concludes that the Shiga toxin produced by E. coli O157:H7 local isolate (Indonesia) has potential as a proapoptotic and/or necrotic agent for treating T47 breast cancer cell lines, as effectively as ATCC 43894 control isolates.

Background:  The development of new modality for burn wound healing is necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality of burn injury. PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma) is one of potential modality for burn injury because of its ability to deliver various growth factors to initiate and accelerate tissue healing and regeneration. Clinical efficacy of PRP is frequently disturbed because inconsistency and inefficiency of growth factor release in PRP. To increase the effectiveness of PRP in wound healing and increase the bioavailability of growth factor, PRP can be combined with a carrier that can control continuous release of growth factors. Chitosan is one of biomaterial that potential to use because of its biodegradability characteristic and biological activity that important for burn wound healing and prevent the formation of scar tissue in a burn injury. Researches have shown that chitosan is an effective carrier to facilitate growth factor release continuously to burn wound.Aims: This review aims to review potential Combinations of PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma) & Chitosan in Burn WoundConclusion: With chitosan ability to facilitate burn wound healing and as an effective carrier, combination of PRP and chitosan is a promising modality for burn wound healing.

Background: Food contamination is a serious problem. Salmonella sp is one of the main bacteria causing gastrointestinal disease, especially in raw pork, due to the production and distribution process. Traditional markets have high risk of pathogenic microbial contamination. The purpose of this study was to detect contamination of Salmonella sp. on pork sold in traditional markets, particularly in Denpasar, Bali. Method: This research is a cross-sectional descriptive, with the samples coming from the porks sold by traditional market traders in every sub-district in Denpasar, Bali. The sampling technique used is the cluster purposive sampling. The procedure for identification of Salmonella sp. using culture and subculture examination on Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA), simmon citrate agar media, and identification of the microscope. Results: Based on SSA culture results from 38 samples, 26 samples of pork showed colony growth, but only 10 samples with typical morphology of Salmonella sp. The 16 samples with atypical morphology were examined for SSA subculture, with 9 samples having clear black colonies. In 19 research samples that showed the results were suspected to be contaminated with Salmonella sp. continued to the Simmons citrate test, but only 8 samples were positive. The 19 samples were also examined under a microscope and all samples showed a rod image and red color indicating that the colonies in the sample were gram-negative bacilli which are typical of the morphology of Salmonella sp. Conclusion: Contamination of Salmonella was found in pork sold at Traditional Markets in Denpasar with a prevalence of 21%.   Latar belakang: Kontaminasi makanan merupakan suatu masalah serius. Salmonella sp merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab utama penyakit gastrointestinal, terutama pada daging babi mentah, dikarenakan pada proses produksi dan distribusi. Pasar tradisional merupakan tempat yang sangat rawan dan beresiko cukup tinggi terhadap cemaran mikroba patogen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeteksi ada tidaknya cemaran bakteri Salmonella sp. pada daging babi yang dijual di Pasar Tradisional, khususnya di Denpasar, Bali. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif potong lintang, dengan sampel penelitian berupa daging babi yang dijual oleh pedagang pasar tradisional di setiap kecamatan di Kota Denpasar, Bali. Teknik penentuan sampel yang digunakan yaitu teknik cluster purposive sampling. Prosedur identifikasi kontaminasi Salmonella sp. menggunakan pemeriksaan kultur serta subkultur pada Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA), Kultur pada media simmon citrate agar, dan identifikasi mikroskop. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil kultur SSA dari 38 sampel daging babi, 26 sampel daging babi menunjukan adanya pertumbuhan koloni, namun hanya 10 sampel dengan morfologi khas Salmonella sp. Pada 16 sampel dengan morfologi tidak khas dilakukan pemeriksaan subkultur SSA, dengan 9 sampel memiliki warna koloni hitam bening. Pada 19 sampel penelitian yang menunjukan hasil terduga terkontaminasi Salmonella sp. dilanjutkan ke uji Simmons citrate, namun hanya 8 sampel dengan hasil positif. Pada 19 sampel juga dilakukan pemeriksaan mikroskop dan seluruh sampel menunjukkan gambaran batang serta berwarna merah yang menandakan bahwa koloni pada sampel adalah basil gram negatif yang khas pada morfologi bakteri Salmonella sp. Kesimpulan: Terdapat cemaran patogen Salmonella sp. pada daging babi yang dijual di Pasar Tradisional di Denpasar dengan prevalensi sebesar 21%.