Background: Cytokine storm has been widely known to contribute to the development of the critical condition in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and studies had been conducted to assess the potential aspect of cytokine storm elimination by performing therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). However, contradictory findings were observed. The objective of this study was to assess the association between TPE and the reduction of mortality of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted by collecting data from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Data on the mortality rate of critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with TPE plus standard of care and that of patients treated with standard of care alone were analyzed using a Z test. Results: We included a total of four papers assessing the association between TPE and the risk of mortality among critically ill COVID-19 patients. Our findings suggested that critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with TPE had lower risk of mortality compared to those without TPE treatment. Conclusion: Our study has identified the potential benefits of TPE in reducing the risk of mortality among critically ill COVID-19 patients.

This study aims to identify evidence on the effect of pronation position on oxygenation in conscious COVID-19 patients receiving non-invasive oxygen therapy. This research method is systematic review research. Literature searches from 2020-2021 were carried out in the online databases of Science Direct, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and PubMed. The results showed that the majority of the samples were male (69.7%) with an average age of over 50 years and a body mass index (BMI) above average (>23,9). Most of the studies (92%) showed an increase in oxygenation in patients when performed in the prone position. The duration of the pronation position varies from 35 minutes – 12 hours in 24 hours. The pronation position can improve oxygenation in most COVID-19 patients who receive non-invasive oxygen therapy. In conclusion, the pronation position is an intervention that is safe and feasible to implement in conscious COVID-19 patients but with close monitoring from trained health workers.   Keywords: COVID-19, Oxygenation, Pronation Position, Non-Invasive Oxygen Therapy