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Determine the main factors affecting carbon emissions of Chinese steel industry is indispensable commitments to achieve the sustainable development of China. Hereby, based on the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIPRAT) model, this paper combines the economic growth function, carbon emission production function, and the FDI function of Chinese steel industry, and uses the three-stage least square equation model (3SLS) to analyze the relationship between China's economic growth, carbon emissions in the steel industry and FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) inflows. The results document a complete two-way causal relationship of three variables in the whole country and the western region, while the relationship in the eastern region and the central region is not complete. Moreover, no bidirectional causal relationship between carbon emissions and FDI in the eastern region, while only bidirectional causality between carbon emissions and FDI in the central region. These findings are of great significance for Chinese steel industry to formulate effective emission reduction policies.

Some non-chemical insecticides were tested for efficacy of control of fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury), and of cherry weevil, Rhynchites auratus (Scop.) in the laboratory and black cherry aphid, Myzus cerasi (Fabr.) under field conditions. Hendreson & Tilton formula was applied for evaluation of efficacy. NeemAzal T/S (azadirahtin) at the concentration 0.5% and Naturalis (Beauveria bassiana) used at 0.2% or 0.3% have shown the best results against black cherry aphid. Good results were also obtained with Pyrethrum FS (pyrethrin + sesame oil + soft potassium soap) used at 0.05% or 0.1%, with NeemAzal T/S at 0.3%, PreFeRal WG (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) at 0.2% and with Naturalis at 0.1%. The effect of PreFeRal WG, applied at 0.1% was unsatisfactory. Against the fourth instar larvae of fall webworm, excellent results were noted for Pyrethrum (0.05% and 0.1%) and Naturalis (0.1% and 0.2%). Very good effects were also obtained with the BMP 123WP (Bacillus thuringiensis), used in concentration of 0.1%. NeemAzal T/S -0.5% had still good, albeit lower, efficacy. Against the cherry weevil only Pyrethrum FS was tested. This insecticide resulted in a very good efficacy, when used at the concentration 0.1% and still satisfactory -at 0.05%.

This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. * We are especially grateful to the editors, Robert De Young, Richard Baillie, George Constantinides, Haroon Mumtaz, Kostas Karras and to anonymous referee for many insightful comments. We would like to thank as well participants at the 5th International Conference of International Finance and banking society, at the 2nd International Conference of Financial Engineering and Banking society, at the 1st International conference of Centre for Money, Banking Institutions and the Centre for Research in contemporary Finance, at the 8th BMRC-QASS Conference of Money Macro and Finance Research Group, at the 2nd European Conference of the Centre for Banking, Finance and Sustainable Development, at the 3rd Annual Global Political Economy Network (GPEN) Conference of the Centre for Globalisation Research (CGR), at the 8th postgraduate meeting of the Royal Economic Society, at the 6th Biennial Hellenic Observatory PhD Symposium, QMUL Econometrics Reading Group for helpful suggestions. Support from the Royal Economic Society and Queen Mary University of London is very gratefully acknowledged.

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