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Various interfaces using Electromyogram (EMG) signals for controlling a robot hand have been developed. However, there are few researches that apply Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to EMG signal classification for estimating operator's hand motions. There is a possibility that the SVMs are effective classifiers. This paper proposes a real-time hand motion estimation method using the EMG signals with the SVMs. This method consists of two phases for the hand motion estimation. The first phase is the hand motion classification of EMG signal patterns with the SVMs. In addition to amplitude features in the EMG signals, cepstrum coefficients are extracted as frequency features for robust classification. The second phase is the estimation of operator's joint angles. The joint angles are estimated from EMG signals based on simple linear models between the joint angles and the EMG signals. These two phases are designed so that they can be processed in real-time. Experimental results of seven hand motion estimation show the effectiveness of our proposed method.

An efficient synthetic method for multisubstituted pyridines from β-aryl-substituted α,β-unsaturated oxime ethers and alkenes via Pd-catalyzed C−H activation has been developed. Systematic optimization of catalyst ligands revealed that sterically hindered pyridines increased the reactivity. Mechanistic studies suggested that the products are formed by Pd-catalyzed β-alkenylation of α,β-unsaturated oxime followed by aza-6π-electrocyclization. Various oximes and alkenes could be utilized to afford multisubstituted pyridines with complete regioselectivity. The usefulness of this methodology was showcased by the synthesis of 4-aryl-substituted pyridine derivatives, which are difficult to access with previously reported Rh-catalyzed approaches with alkenes.

The use of the cationic palladium(II) catalyst realized electrophilic C−H arylation of α,β-unsaturated O-SEM oximes with arylboronic acids. This Pd-catalyzed electrophilic C−H arylation is facilitated by employing alkyl aryl thioether ligands, and optimization of the ligand structure greatly improves the yield. The resulting α,β-unsaturated oximes would provide access to multisubstituted heterocyclic compounds.