cells, that expressed EGFP in the cardiomyocyte-specific manner were transplanted directly into BM of lethally irradiated mice, MI was induced, and they were treated with G-CSF. EGFP ؉ actinin ؉ cells were observed in the ischemic myocardium, indicating that CMG cells had been mobilized and differentiated into cardiomyocytes. Together, these results suggest that the origin of the vast majority of BM-derived cardiomyocytes is MSCs.

Key Points• We conducted a phase 2 study of ATO followed by autologous HCT for relapsed APL.• This sequential treatment is effective and feasible.The optimal treatments for relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) remain equivocal. We conducted a phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a sequential treatment consisting of induction and consolidation with arsenic trioxide (ATO), peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) harvest after high-dose cytarabine chemotherapy, and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Between 2005 and 2009, 35 patients (26 with hematologic and 9 with molecular relapse) were enrolled. Induction therapy resulted in complete remission in 81% of those with hematologic relapse, and most patients became negative for PML-RARa after the first ATO consolidation course, but 4 remained positive. Administration of the second ATO consolidation course further decreased the transcript levels in 3 patients. In total, 25 patients proceeded to PBSC harvest, all of whom successfully achieved the target CD341 cell doses, and 23 underwent autologous HCT with PML-RARa-negative PBSC graft. Posttransplant relapse occurred in 3 patients, and there was no transplant-related mortality. With a median follow-up of 4.9 years, the 5-year event-free and overall survival rates were 65% and 77%, respectively. These findings demonstrate the outstanding efficacy and feasibility of the sequential treatment featuring ATO and autologous HCT for relapsed APL. This study was registered at

Summary:To establish the most appropriate prophylactic therapy and risk factors for predicting hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) after stem cell transplantation (SCT), we retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of 450 transplant patients treated from 1982 to 2002. In all, 81 patients developed early-and/or late-onset HC (early ¼ 29, late ¼ 48, both ¼ 4). For the incidence of early-onset HC, administration of cyclophosphamide (CY) (P ¼ 0.0079, odds ratioCI ¼ 2.055-9.292), antithymocyte globulin (P ¼ 0.0009, OD ¼ 3.368, 95% CI ¼ 1.642-6.911), nonradiation (P ¼ 0.0163, OD ¼ 2.564, 95% CI ¼ 0.181-0.841), 2-mercaptoethane sodium sulfonate (Mesna) (P ¼ 0.0001, OD ¼ 7.519, 95% CI ¼ 2.847-19.858), and bladder irrigation (P ¼ 0.0001, OD ¼ 4.950, 95% CI ¼ 2.328-10.523) were risk factors. By Fisher's exact test, the combination of BU and Mesna was a more significant risk factor (Po0.001) than Mesna alone (P ¼ 0.008) compared to the administration of neither agent. By multivariate analysis, prophylactic administration of Mesna (P ¼ 0.0105, OD ¼ 5.301, 95% CI ¼ 1. 477-19.026) and bladder irrigation (P ¼ 0.0001, OD ¼ 9.469, 95% CI ¼ 3.872-23.156) were significant risk factors of early-onset HC. We conclude that (i) highdose BU as well as CY is a cause of HC, (ii) protective bladder irrigation has an opposite effect, and (iii) Mesna possibly has a toxic effect on bladder mucosa. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2003) 32, 903-907.

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