Preterm infants exhibit special nutrient needs that differ substantially from other patient populations. Special characteristics include increased energy and protein requirements that must be addressed to prevent tissue catabolism and support growth. The immaturity of some organ systems may also complicate the administration of nutrition support. This article describes important characteristics of enteral and parenteral nutrition as it applies to the preterm infant.

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Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is a key component of supportive care for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. During the transplant process, several complications and side effects may be encountered that require alteration of the nutrition support, interventions, and monitoring provided. The focus of this review is to discuss current guidelines and research for the provision of MNT to these patients, along with recommendations on how to bridge the gap in MNT knowledge.