Supplementing the human microbiome with probiotic microorganisms is a proposed solution for civilization syndromes such as dysbiosis and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders. Bimodal probiotic strains of the Bacillus genus constitute the microbiota of the human environment, and are typically found in soil, water, a number of non-dairy fermented foods, as well as in human and animal GIT. Probiotic Bacillus sp. are Gram positive rods, with the ability of sporulation to survive environmental stress and preparation conditions. In vitro models of the human stomach and human studies with probiotic Bacillus reveal the mechanisms of its life cycle and sporulation. The Bacillus sp. probiotic biofilm introduces biochemical effects such as antimicrobial and enzymatic activity, thus contributing to protection from GIT and other infections. Despite the beneficial activity of Bacillus strains belonging to the safety group 1, a number of strains can pose a substantial health risk, carrying genes for various toxins or antibiotic resistance. Commercially available Bacillus probiotic preparations include strains from the subtilis and other closely related phylogenetic clades. Those intended for oral administration in humans, often encapsulated with appropriate supporting materials, still tend to be mislabeled or poorly characterized. Bacillus sp. MALDI-TOF analysis, combined with sequencing of characteristic 16S rRNA or enzyme coding genes, may provide accurate identification. A promising future application of the probiotic Bacillus sp. might be the microflora biocontrol in the human body and the closest human environment. Environmental probiotic Bacillus species display the potential to support human microflora, however controversies regarding the safety of certain strains is a key factor in their still limited application.

The main objective of the study was to characterize a mixture of bacterial species, found in commercial probiotic preparation and originally designed for cleaning, biodegradation and wastewater treatment. Lyophilized preparation of environmental strains was microbiologically characterized to determine the growth temperature range, pH resistance and boiling temperature survivability. Gram staining and Wirtz's spores staining were performed for microscopic estimation of cell morphology and sporulation. The MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry method was used to identify bacterial species found in the preparation. The composition of probiotic bacterial species, isolated from commercial lyophilized preparation, exhibited wide range of growth temperatures, extreme boiling survivability and wide range of pH survivability. The isolated species belonged to genus, Gram positive and sporulating rods. MALDI-TOF bacterial identification method was carried out for detection of four non-pathogenic, environmental, closely related strains: , and The endospore producing environmental species were detected in commercial probiotics and preliminary characterised. The results of the present study, point out the possible applications of the described sp. mixture in health, food and cleaning technologies, involving high temperatures or high/low pH processes.