Based on obtained results we were able to conclude that in case of liver complications associated with parenteral nutrition, proper management consists in the modification of nutritional mixtures (reduction in the daily glucose supply and change in the proportions of extra-protein energy). Such management has the greatest clinical effect. When determining the composition of the nutritional mixture one should adjust the glucose supply, so as to offset both sources of extra-protein energy.

No abstract

Autor opisuje powstanie oraz rozwój jednej z najważniejszych imprez filmowych w PRL. Na przykładzie dziewięciu pierwszych edycji Festiwalu Festiwali Filmowych, przemianowanego w 1967 r. na Przegląd Filmów Świata – Konfrontacje, przedstawia różne aspekty funkcjonowania kultury filmowej w tym okresie. Po pierwsze, odtwarza kulisy organizacyjne imprezy, zwracając szczególną uwagę na ograniczenia instytucjonalne oraz problemy logistyczne ściśle powiązane z niewydolnością państwa socjalistycznego. Po drugie, analizuje politykę repertuarową festiwalu, która odzwierciedlała napięcie między dążeniem organizatorów do ukazania najważniejszych trendów w kinie światowym a koniecznością promocji słusznych pod względem ideologicznym filmów socjalistycznych. Po trzecie, wskazuje na założenia programowe imprezy i odnosi je do bardziej ogólnych procesów, jakie zachodziły w europejskiej kulturze filmowej w okresie powojennym (wykształcenie się instytucji oraz dyskursów służących promocji i dystrybucji filmu artystycznego).

In 2015, the Film Museum in Lodz, Department of History and Theory of Film at the University of Lodz and the Polish Filmmakers Association worked together on a project “12 films for 120 years of cinema”. Filmmakers and people professionally involved in film culture were asked to compile their 12 best films ever and their 12 best Polish films. The organisers received 279 responses which mentioned 1,348 films in total. After analysing the results, the lists of best movies were published as well as variant lists according to the respondents’ profession and age. The first part of the paper raises questions regarding aesthetic axiology (as far as culture-based text hierarchies are concerned) and social communication (which concerns the question of a canon: who establishes it and for what purpose?). In the second part of the article, the authors discuss the results of the poll, highlighting shortcomings of the project when compared to similar polls in the past.

Summary:The ability of fast response in case of increasing health problems of a child which lead directly to life-threatening situations is a necessary condition for creating opportunity of child's survival until it will be transported to intensive care unit, where it will be provided with care by a specialist. In case of healthy children the most common cause of acute respiratory failure is obstruction of upper respiratory tract. There is an enormous variety of causes of upper airway obstruction, but the most important are the result of congenital defects, acute inflammation, anaphylactic reactions, foreign body aspiration and injuries. Consequence of the hypoventilation resulting from significant impediment of airflow through the obstructed airways is impaired gas exchange in the lungs. This leads to the increasing hypoxemia (PaO 2 <60 mmHg) and hypercapnia (PaCO2> 45 mmHg). This condition is called the total respiratory failure. The persistence of hypoventilation leads to hypoxia of vital organs (heart muscle, brain), increased anaerobic metabolism, acidosis, and inevitably to cardiac arrest as a result of homeostasis disorders. Respiratory failure is defined as acute when developing suddenly and is potentially reversible. We can find such a situation in the fast-increasing stenosis of the larynx. Symptoms of severe dyspnoea occur in a short time, but can be interrupted by an effective airway patency. Acute respiratory failure is a state of direct threat to life, which is why it is crucial to give a prompt aid to the sick child. The aim of this paper is to discuss the signs and symptoms, knowledge of which is essential for rapid identification and initial differentiation of the causes of acute upper airway obstruction in children. The principles of first-aid for children with acute respiratory failure and above all the description of life-saving procedures will be presented.