In this paper presented current state about hormonal changes in sympathetic-adrenal, hypophysis-adrenal, hypophysis-gonads and thyroid levels from extreme environment factors. It's shown that hypophysis gonads and thyroid endocrine links along with sympathetic adrenal, hypophysis adrenal axes are very important relevance in response to extreme environment factors and organism adaptation. In this time a hormonal secretion changes corresponds as interrelated reactions cascade in mechanisms of homeostasis maintenance. A studying of this mechanisms and revealing of its role in stress pathogenesis is fundamental biomedical investigation task. A problem solving allow to perfect prophylactic and treatment methods against stress diseases.

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Background: A student studying is accompanied with psychoemotional stress that requires functional changes in metabolic systems. A blood leucocytes enzyme activity indexes that provides an adaptation are the indicators of energy metabolism. Objective: The aim of investigation is to determine the features and role of metabolic adaptive changes in the white blood cells of the students in European North during educational process. Methods: In the course of year, third course general practitioner faculty students of medical university were investigated seven times (before and after autumn semester, after winter examination period, after summer examination time and during a summer vacation). In blood leucocytes of all the examined patients indicators of enzymes activity of dehydrogenases were detected-succinate dehydrogenase (SDG) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDG), as well as hydrolytic enzymes-acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Results: During the year different changes of blood leucocytes enzyme activity were detected depending on the intensity of training load; a most higher SDG and GDG activity were detected in winter time, after examination period as well as after spring semester; an acid phosphatase occurred in the autumn semester but alkaline phosphatase increased in all examination times. Conclusion: An enzyme activity changes have a phase character and are accompanied by a coherent, mutual interaction that depends on educational process specifics and examinations. This changes lead to adequacy of adaptation response.

Arctic territory of Russia is a very important strategic and economic region. In accordance of State politic it’s importance to development and supporting of Arctic regions. The authors are aim for revealing of medical supporting amount in North Sea Route (NSR). From this aim it was set tasks: to estimate a structure of medical facilities in seaports of Arctic ocean: to identify a medical qualification about sea medicine in medical facilities; to check a syatistical documents about morbidity, traumatism and death between seamen; to estimate an Russian and international cooperation in Arctic sea medicine. In results were revealed as positive well as problems in medical supporting work. At Western sector of NSR in seaports located a wide multitype clinics that provided a full specialized medical aid. A medical aid in Eastern side may realize by general practitioners in local facilities or by force medical hospitals. They make only primary medical-sanitary aid. A specialized medical aid realized only with sanitary aviation resources by evacuation of patient throw hundreds kilometers to big clinics. Authors detected a lot problem that accordance a medical supporting. They specified for Eastern side of NSR: a great distance between settlements, old and destructed medical facilities, insufciency of medics (especially emergency specialists), it is necessary to interdepartmental coordination of Healthcare management and a medical documentation is not satisfy the International convention requirements. It was attempted to comprehend a problems for Public Healthcare about sailors and other professional groups that work in Polar territory.

Relevance: conducting a comparative analysis of demographic processes in two Arctic regions of the European North of Russia makes it possible to determine the main directions for improving the demographic policy of the territories. The aim of the study is to analyze mortality rates in the Komi Republic and the Arkhangelsk Region to assess demographic prospects in these regions. Materials and methods: the main demographic indicators that form the population decline in the Arkhangelsk region and the Komi Republic over the past 20 years were analyzed. A comparative study was conducted between them, as well as with the average statistical values in the Russian Federation. The main source of information was the website of the database of the Federal State Statistics Service. Results and discussion. Fluctuations in demographic indices in the Komi Republic and the Arkhangelsk Region as a whole have a similar trend and a common nature. Population losses in the Arctic territories of the country – the Arkhangelsk region and the Komi Republic as a whole are higher than the average for the Russian Federation. The greatest losses in these regions are formed due to high mortality from cardiovascular diseases in people of working age. Among the external causes of mortality, attention is drawn to the high suicide rate, which exceeds the national average in the Arkhangelsk region by 2.36 times, in the Komi Republic by 2.2 times. The deterioration in the level and structure of mortality in one region compared to another can be interpreted as a change in the quality of medical care during the period of negative changes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of the main demographic indicators in dynamics and in specific territorial entities makes it possible to identify possible predictors, causes of fluctuations in different time periods, the duration of responses to specific challenges and incentives.