Traditional kefir grains were collected from distinct parts of Turkey, and their microbial profile was determined. A wide bacterial biota was observed formed by distinct lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in which Lactococcus lactis strains appeared to be dominant. Yeast species were also identified in kefir grains. Significant levels of antifungal and antibacterial activities were monitored in kefir isolates. All tested LAB produced an exopolysaccharide (EPS) containing glucose and galactose, and some strains formed a fructan-type EPS. Importantly, low levels of antibiotic resistance were observed among the kefir isolates. (2016) Isolation of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria and yeasts from Tibetan kefir and characterisation of the exopolysaccharides. International Journal of Dairy Technology 69 410-417. Demirbas ß F, _ Ispirli H, Kurnaz A A, Yilmaz M T and Dertli E (2017) Antimicrobial and functional properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from sourdoughs. LWT-Food Science and Technology 79 361-366. Dertli E and C ß on A H (2017) Microbial diversity of traditional kefir grains and their role on kefir aroma. LWT-Food Science and Technology 85 151-157. Dertli E, Mercan E, Arıcı M, Yılmaz M T and Sa gdıc ß O (2016) Characterisation of lactic acid bacteria from Turkish sourdough and determination of their exopolysaccharide (EPS) production characteristics. LWT-Food Science and Technology 71 116-124. Dertli E, Colquhoun I J, Côt e G L, Le Gall G and Narbad A (2018) Structural analysis of the a-D-glucan produced by the sourdough isolate Lactobacillus brevis E25. Food chemistry 242 45-52. Franzetti L, Galli A, Pagani M and Noni I D (1998) Microbiological and chemical investigations on sugar kefir drink. Annali di Microbiologia ed Enzimologia. 48 67-80. Gao J, Gu F, Abdella N H, Ruan H and He G (2012) Investigation on culturable microflora in Tibetan kefir grains from different areas of China. Journal of food science 77 M425-M433. Garofalo C, Osimani A, Milanovi c V, Aquilanti L, De Filippis F, Stellato G and Ercolini D (2015) Bacteria and yeast microbiota in milk kefir grains from different Italian regions. Food Microbiology 49 123-133. Gul O, Atalar I, Mortas M and Dervisoglu M (2018) Rheological, textural, colour and sensorial properties of kefir produced with buffalo milk using kefir grains and starter culture: A comparison with cows' milk kefir. International Journal of Dairy Technology 71 73-80.
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