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Lactiplantibacillus plantarum X7022, a novel probiotic strain, exhibited gastrointestinal viability as 44% at the dose of 109 CFU/mL in mice. The strain possesses a complete purine assimilation pathway and can exhaust xanthine, guanine, and adenine by 82.1%, 33.1%, and 12.6%, respectively. After four-week administration of the strain, a significant decrease of 35.5% in the serum uric acid level in potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine induced hyperuricemic mice was realized. The activity of hepatic xanthine oxidase was normalized. Furthermore, the expression of glucose transporter 9 and urate transporter 1 were downregulated by 12.4% and 37.6%, while organic anion transporter 1 was upregulated by 23.4% in kidney. The treatment also alleviated renal inflammation and restored renal damage. Importantly, the strain played critical roles on improving gut microbiota dysbiosis in hyperuricemic mice through depressing inflammation or hyperuricemia related flora and promoting the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production-related flora. As a result, the diminished fecal SCFAs contents were remarkably elevated. Therefore, L. plantarum X7022 is a promising probiotic strain for ameliorating hyperuricemia.