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The investigation conducted with fifty rice genotypes comprising both Basmati and aromatic short grain types revealed significant differences among the genotypes for the yield, its components and grain quality characteristics. High estimates of GCV were observed for productive tillers per plant, filled grains per panicle whereas, the estimates for panicle length, days to 50 percent flowering, kernel breadth and kernel elongation ratio were low. The yield components, viz., productive tillers per plant and filled grains per panicle which exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean were under the influence of additive gene action. The remaining traits were mostly under the influence of non additive gene action as they recorded low to moderate estimates of genetic advance. The correlation analysis indicated that grain yield was significantly associated with harvest index, plant height, days to 50 percent flowering, panicle length, number of grains per panicle and filled grains per panicle. The characters, plant height, harvest index, number of grains per panicle at genotypic level exhibited moderate positive direct effects; whereas, days to 50 per cent flowering and 1000-grain weight had low positive direct effects. The study on correlations and path analysis indicated that emphasis should be given for selection of plants possessing higher number of grains per panicle with increased panicle length and optimum plant height so as to maintain higher harvest index to develop high yielding varieties for rainy (kharif) season.

Climate change can adversely affect rice production, especially for weed management in the context of emergence and proliferation of newer weed species like weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) in the rice growing tracts of Kerala. In the past decade, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has risen from 371.82 to 407.05 ppm from 2000 to 2018 which might have an impact on the competitive ability of a C3 plant like weedy rice. The competitiveness of weedy rice was studied in an open top chamber (OTC) under a CO2 concentration of 500 ppm (Chamber A), OTC without external CO2 supply (Chamber B), and open condition along with two popular cultivated rice varieties Uma and Jyothi with both air and soil temperature inside the chamber to the tune of 40-430C and 35-400C respectively. The study revealed a higher competitive potential of weedy rice in terms of tillering ability under elevated carbon dioxide as it responded well compared to cultivated rice varieties. There was a differential response of rice varieties to elevated CO2 conditions with medium duration variety responding well compared to short duration one. Compared to ambient conditions (chamber B and open condition), higher tillering was observed under elevated CO2 (chamber A) in which weedy rice tillered profusely (17.33) than cultivated rice species (9 and 11.33). There was a linear increase in plant height of weedy rice in chamber A (108.97cm) during the initial stages and in chamber B (112.77 cm) during reproductive stages. The study evidenced that in the coming future, higher CO2 levels can stimulate biomass production of C3 weed like weedy rice with a greater increase in tillering which could be an important trait affecting inter specific competition.

Objectives Evaluation of the association of PARP1 rs1136410 (A/G) polymorphism with gallbladder cancer susceptibility and its prognosis in the Indian population of eastern Uttar Pradesh and western Bihar. Methods PARP1 rs1136410 was genotyped by PCR-RFLP and its association with the prognosis of gallbladder cancer patients were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier plot and log-rank tests. Results Our results demonstrate that minor allele G is more frequent in gallbladder cancer patients than controls. The frequencies of minor allele G and GG genotype are significantly associated with increased risk of gallbladder cancer. Our data suggest that the minor allele G and homozygous genotype GG are significant predisposing factors for the early age of onset of gallbladder cancer. Similarly, women patients having AG and GG genotypes demonstrate an increased risk of gallbladder cancer. The risk group genotypes (AG + GG) are significantly more frequent in patients with thick gallbladder wall, with jaundice and with the presence of lymph node than in patients with normal gallbladder wall thickness, without jaundice and absence of lymph node involvement. Survival analysis data suggest that patients with risk group genotype (AG + GG) presenting jaundice have shorter overall survival. Conclusion Our study suggests that the minor allele G of PARP1 rs1136410 (A/G) is a predisposing factor for gallbladder carcinogenesis and is significantly associated with early onset of the disease. Interestingly, the minor allele G is significantly more frequent in the patients with jaundice, lymph node metastasis and gallbladder wall thickness.

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