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Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is aninfra structureless network that does not require any built-in infra structure and central control. Due to very fast mobility of nodes, there will be drastic changes in the network topology. So an adaptive routing protocol is needed for effective and reliable routing in MANET. Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is the efficient and prominent routing protocol which may satisfy the above said issue. While making routing process in traditional AODV,onlyone route information will be sent as reply in the reverse path. This reply from the destination may be lost due to fast mobility of modes which in turn leads to the retransmission of route request packets to establish routes.The main cause of this problem is increased communication delay and reduction of several QoS metrics. The main goal of the new Novel QoS aware reliable routing algorithm is to send multiple route replies and establishes reliable data transmission between source and destination. The new NQARR-AODV protocol establishes paths on-request using a reliable reverse pathestablishment method. During pathestablishmentphase, the source node first sends the route requests through all available paths to the destination. The destination node,upon receiving the path requests,inturn rebroadcasts the reverse path requestsas like sender node has done. Upon receiving the multiple route replies from the destination, a path with high reliability is choosen by the source node using the three parameters, the MAC overhead, the Eminence of Link, node residual energy. NQARR-AODV path establishment method works well and requires only minimum steps. It also provides high energy efficiency and load balancing thus prolongs the network life time and makes up high reliability communications. The experimental values prove that the NQARR-AODV algorithmis more reliable and stable and outperforms AODV by reducing energy consumption, overhead and delay. Also NQARR-AODV gains bestratio of packets delivered than that of normal AODV. In our proposed NQARR-AODV protocol, the source node can find QoS aware reliable route to the destination.

Plant galls (cecidia) are pathologically produced cells, tissues, or organs of plants that have developed by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of plant tissues under the effect of gall causing organisms. Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) j.f Macb. is an economically and medicinally very important plant of the family Sapotaceae. It is a tropical mixed deciduous tree. Various galls due to insect infestation are found on almost all tree species. Leaf galls of Madhuca longifolia induced by insects of order Diptera and Hymenoptera represent a unique pattern of chemical perturbations which normally do not occur in normal leaf. During the present investigation, an accurate, fast and easy  HPTLC method was followed for quantification of gallic acid occur in the normal leaf and dried leaf galls of the Madhuca longifolia plant. The protocol followed in this study resulted in an intense peak and was able to give a good resolution of gallic acid from normal leaf and galled tissues of Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) j.f. Macb. Adaxial leaf gall induced by insect Mohwadiplosis Orientalis Rao belonging to Diptera class, Marginal gall induced by another Dipteran and vein gall by chalcidoiid Hymenopteran class of insect. Variation in Gallic acid present in normal leaf and leaf galls of Madhuca longifolia was critically reported. It was found that Gallic acid content increased almost two folds in gall tissues as compared to normal leaf tissue. Galled leaf (Dipteran adaxial gall) had a maximum amount of Gallic acid (344.4 ng) while in normal leaf and another leaf galls had less amount of gallic acid was found (180ng). This study is of practical importance because gallic acid is the most important active phenolic acid, which may be correlated with post-infection biochemical defense. Compound gallic acid has been reported for the first time from leaf galls of Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) j. f. Macb. Plant in the study.