Metal-catalyzed cross-electrophile couplings have become a valuable tool for carbon-carbon bond formation. This minireview provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the topical field of cross-electrophile couplings, provides explanations of the current state-of-the-art, and highlights new opportunities arising in the emerging fields of photoredox catalysis and electrochemistry.

The N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed oxidative [3 + 2] annulation of dioxindole and enals was developed, giving the corresponding spirocyclic oxindole-γ-lactones in good yields with high to excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities.