The paper aims to apply the deep learning-based image visualization technology to extract, recognize, and analyze human skeleton movements and evaluate the effect of the deep learning-based human-computer interaction (HCI) system. Dance education is researched. Firstly, the Visual Geometry Group Network (VGGNet) is optimized using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Then, the VGGNet extracts the human skeleton movements in the OpenPose database. Secondly, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network is optimized and recognizes human skeleton movements. Finally, an HCI system for dance education is designed based on the extraction and recognition methods of human skeleton movements. Results demonstrate that the highest extraction accuracy is 96%, and the average recognition accuracy of different dance movements is stable. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified. The recognition accuracy of the optimized F-Multiple LSTMs is increased to 88.9%, suitable for recognizing human skeleton movements. The dance education HCI system’s interactive accuracy built by deep learning-based visualization technology reaches 92%; the overall response time is distributed between 5.1 s and 5.9 s. Hence, the proposed model has excellent instantaneity. Therefore, the deep learning-based image visualization technology has enormous potential in human movement recognition, and combining deep learning and HCI plays a significant role.