No abstract

No abstract

The use of e-bicycles is increasing every day. It is comparable to a traditional bicycle, but with the potential of using electric motors to help or replace pedalling efforts. The main motivations for this endeavour are environmental awareness, health concerns, independent transportation mode, and growing fuel prices. Both urban and rural commuters find it to be a cost-effective mode of transportation. A battery-powered PMDC motor drive-based e-bicycle was investigated in this work. This contains the motor hub, as well as the mid-chain drive that connects to the back wheel. This technology allows the user to either peddle the bicycle or use the 7Ah battery to power the motor. The traction system has a torque constant of 0.588 Nm/A and an emf constant of 0.0763 V/rad/s. This bicycle has been put through rigorous testing in the lab and on the road. The test result shows the vehicle's duty cycle behaviour both loaded and unloaded. During the road trial, its mechanical stability and charging sustainability were assessed. The VI findings point to the solution's efficacy in terms of local mobility.