The objective of the study was to study postoperative progress of modified extraperitoneal Caesarean section (MECS) technique (group A) and its comparison with standard transperitoneal Caesarean section (TCS) (group B). It is a prospective observational study with sample sizes of 93 and 105 for groups A and B, respectively, in the settings of Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, India, which see over 10,000 deliveries per annum. Five parameters were studied. Postoperative febrile morbidity was significantly lower in group A than in group B (6.5% versus 21%; P = 0.004). Gastrointestinal function recovery occurred earlier in group A than B (6 h versus 18.5 h; P < 0.01). Although the difference between skin incision to baby delivery time was significant (6.0 min versus 3.1 min; P < 0.01), there was no significant difference in Apgar score at 1 min (P = 0.3). There was no difference in intraoperative complications in two groups. MECS is associated with less febrile morbidity and early postoperative recovery than TCS.

Predicting crop yields is crucial to agriculture. Crop production is affected by a number of factors. The goal of this study is to provide low-cost techniques for forecasting agricultural yields utilising existing variables like irrigation, fertiliser, and temperature. The five Feature Selection (FS) algorithms described in this article are sequential forward FS, sequential backward elimination FS, correlation-based FS, random forest variable significance, and the variance inflation factor algorithm. Machine learning techniques are typically well adapted to a particular area, therefore they substantially help farmers forecast agricultural output. With a novel FS method termed modified recursive feature removal, crop prediction can be improved (MRFE). The MRFE approach locates and ranks the most crucial characteristics in a dataset with the use of a ranking algorithm

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common heterogeneous endocrine disorder. The prevalence of PCOS varies depending on which criteria are used to make the diagnosis, but can be as high as 15%–20%. Aim and objectives: To review the demographic details, presenting symptoms, biochemical features and management in women with PCOS and differentiate patients who have polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) and have hypothalamic amenorrhoea. Method: Retrospective observational study of 300 consecutive new cases with suspected PCOS were referred to the reproductive endocrinology clinic in a tertiary referral hospital (Kings college hospital, London) from 2008-2015. Electronic medical records were reviewed and Microsoft Excel software was used for data collection and analysis. Inclusion and exclusion criteria’s: All patients with suspected PCOS fulfilling Rotterdam criteria were included in the study. Phenotypically similar androgen excess disorders like congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), androgen secreting-tumor and Cushing’s syndrome were excluded. Results: The mean (+/-SD) age was 30 (+/-6.7) years [range 14-49]. A total of 213 (71%) had oligomenorrhoea, 61 (20.3%) had amenorrhoea, while 26 (8.6%) had regular cycles. 135 (45%) presented with subfertility, while 93 (31%) had hirsutism. Mean (+/-SD) FSH and LH were 5.5 IU/L (+/-2.8) and 17.8 IU/L (+/-7.9), respectively, while mean (+/-SD) estradiol level was 253.4 pmol/L (+/-267.1). 27/61 (44.2%) women with amenorrhoea, had low estradiol [mean (+/-SD) <176 pmol/l (123.8+/-30.8 )]. Mean (+/-SD) anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) was 44.6 pmol/L (+/-33.1). 39/45 (87%) had elevated AMH while 6/45 (13%) had normal AMH levels. Mean (+/-SD) testosterone level was 2.0nmol/L (+/-1.5) and 36 (16%) patients had elevated total testosterone levels. Mean (+/-SD) Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) and Free Androgen Index (FAI) were 45.9 (+/- 29.4) and 5.8 (+/- 6.6). 20/43 (47% of women assessed) had elevated androstenedione levels with a Mean (+/-SD) of 13.06 (+/- 7.5). Elevated triglycerides and/or total cholesterol was noted in 13/44 (29.5% of women assessed). 13/28 (46.4% of women assessed) had raised HbA1C. In a total of six (2%) patients, the ovaries did not appear polycystic. Conclusion: A significant proportion of women with hypothalamic amenorrhea with PCOM were classed as PCOS.

Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors which can be uterine or extrauterine. Extrauterine leiomyomas are uncommon. In this article, we report a case of large retroperitoneal fibroid in 26 year old female who presented with sudden onset of severe right iliac fossa pain. Her medical, surgical and gynaecological history was insignificant. Provisional diagnosis, based on investigations, was ovarian mass. Intra operatively huge pelvic retroperitoneal mass was observed. Pathological examination demonstrated benign leiomyoma.

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