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Background: Infant mortality is the most important indicator which reflect country growth standards and development. This study was aimed to assess the risk factors and clinical profile of post neonatal deaths, admitted in PICU, government Villupuram medical college.Methods: A retrospective analysis was done on post neonatal mortality data by pediatric department of government Villupuram medical college, Mundiyambakkam from January 2019 to December 2020, referral and LAMA patients were excluded from study. Data was analyzed using SPSS 18.0Results: Overall post neonatal mortality was 7.3%. Mortality amongst boys were 28 (41.1%) and girls were 40 (58.8%). Mortality of female babies were higher than male babies.Among the 68 post neonatal deaths, maximum number of mortalities was seen in 1-3 months (61.9%), maximum within 24 hours of hospital stay (54.4%), 37 cases (54.4%) were referred from GHPHC and private practitioners of the nearby districts, 28 babies (41.1%) had previous admissions, 22 babies had SNCU admissions and 6 babies had pediatric admissions. Three most common causes of mortality were bronchopneumonia, sepsis and acute CNS infections. Congenital malformations and heart disease along with failure to thrive are other causes of morbidity.Conclusions: Analysis reflects the disease occurrence, treatment modalities and quality of treatment available. Treatment at primary level can prevent postnatal deaths from infections. The preventive and primary health care system should be strengthened. All special newborn care units (SNCU) discharged babies should have both community and district early intervention centre (DEIC) follow up, immunization practices, explaining danger signs to the parents, improving the quality of life has got great impact on the post neonatal outcome.

Background: Obesity is a rising global epidemic in children which leads to pre-diabetes and overt diabetes. Identification at early stage helps in early intervention. This study was undertaken to study the prevalence of pre-diabetes in urban school going adolescents aged 11-17 years with high risk factors.Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in Chennai, India between December 2011 and November 2012. Overweight or obese adolescents in the age group 11-17 years, either with family history of diabetes or acanthosis nigricans or both were included. After obtaining informed consent from parents, history was obtained in pre-tested questionnaire.Results: 148 adolescents were enrolled in the study (n=148), 71.62% were females, mean weight was 59.54±10.44 kg, mean height was 150.92±8.62 cm, mean BMI was 26.19±3.23 and mean blood glucose was 82.1 mg/dl. 60.81% of subjects were overweight and others obese. Girls had statistically significant higher mean weight and mean BMI than boys. 78.37% had acanthosis nigricans, 47.29% had family history of diabetes, 12.16% had pre-diabetes and the mean blood glucose in pre-diabetics was 104.9 mg/dl. Pre-diabetes was higher in adolescents with family history of diabetes (p=0.038).Conclusions: Recognition of risk of type 2 diabetes in the asymptomatic pre-diabetes phase needs to be emphasized and targeted screening of high risk children for pre-diabetes seems to be justified. The morbidity and mortality of youth onset type 2 diabetes can be reduced only by early detection and treatment.

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