Ten Hereford bulls housed indoors in individual tie stalls were used to explore the relationships atmospheric ammonia exposure and microclimate on beef cattle hematochemical, and to know effect and to prediction equations the atmospheric ammonia exposure and microclimate with various hematochemical parameters. This study was conducted in Animal Station, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, South Korea, for 40 days during summer. Results of this study indicated that there were negative correlation between ammonia with temperature and positive correlation between ammonia with humidity. There were significantly negative effect of ammonia on hematochemical, except neutrophyls and ratio of neutrophyls to lymphocytes. Simultaneous effect between ammonia, temperature and humidity, mainly effected on glucose, hexokinase, lymphocytes, neutrophyls, N:L Ratio, and lactate. Simultaneous effect between ammonia, temperature and humidity proved to be a good indicator for predicting the profile of glucose, hexokinase, lymphocytes, neutrophyls, N:L Ratio in the blood.

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One hundred twenty-five female ducks, with an average body weight of 1485.51±14.72 g, aged eight weeks, were used in this experiment to examine the effect of ginger volatile oil (GVO) on the metabolic profile of the glycolytic pathways, free radical and antioxidant activity in heat-stressed Cihateup ducks. GVO isolation was carried out by the distillation technique. Cihateup duck samples were divided into five treatment groups, each group with 25 animals. Each treatment consisted of five replications so that each repetition consisted of 5 duck samples. The treatment in this study was A: temperature of the comfort zone (24°C) and without administration of GVO; B: heat stress (38°C) and without GVO; C: heat stress (38°C) and 150 µL GVO/tail; D: hot stress (38°C) and 200 µL GVO/tail, E: Hot stress (38°C) and 250 µL GVO/tail. GVO was given every morning orally (force-fed). The data then statistically analyzed with ANOVA procedure to determine the treatment effect. Duncan's multiple range test was used to compare the treatment effect. The results showed that the metabolic profile of the glycolytic pathway appeared to be in the normal range by administering 250 µL GVO. The reduction of free radicals activity and increased endogenous antioxidants (Glutathione Peroxidase) activity were also found in GVE treated ducks. In conclusion, the heat stress of Cihateup duck was reduced by administering the GVO.

Twenty sows housed indoors in individual stalls were used to determine the relationships between atmospheric ammonia exposure and microclimate on olfactory metabolic and sows RNAreticulocyt, and to know the prediction models of the olfactory metabolic and sows RNAreticulocyt by measurement of atmospheric ammonia exposure and microclimate level. Result indicated a significantly negative effect of ammonia on commonly olfactory metabolic parameters and %RNA reticulocyt . The results also showed that ammonia has been reduced the function of olfactory receptors and activities of Ca

Feeding management is a very important factor that makes sure fulfil quality and quantity for livestock nutrient sufficiency that affects the success rate in livestock farming. The excellent macro nutrient needs determination is an absolute thing to achieve the optimal growth which represented by digestibility and average daily gain. Feed formulation that considering the material selection, availability, and the price of feed materials could gave sustainable livestock feed management. The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of macronutrients needs on digestibility and average daily gain of sheep. Twenty Padjadjaran sheep (Ovisaries var. Padjadjaran, Family Bovidae), which resulted from crossbreeding between South-African Capstaad, Merino, and local, were chosen as tested animals. These white sheep were placed separately in individual metabolism cages. All animals were 8-10 months of age and their body weights ranged between 15-33 kg. The animals were divided into 5 groups and each group was treated with different dietary feeds (4 times replication) that contained dry material, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). The parameters measured were dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and average daily gain (ADG). The treatments showed no significant effect on DMI, DMD, and OMD, whereas an increase of ADG (113.33-169.17 g/animal/day) was observed on all animals. One of R2-treated animal showed an increase of 276.67 g/day.