Limbah gelas adalah sampah anorganik yang tidak dapat diuraikan oleh mikroorganisme. Kandungan SiO2 yang tinggi dalam limbah gelas memiliki potensi sebagai bahan dasar dalam sintesis silika gel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan kemampuan silika gel dalam mengurangi kesadahan air sumur. Tahapan dalam penelitian ini dimulai dari ekstraksi silika dari limbah gelas, sintesis silika gel, aktivasi dengan HCl dan pengujian untuk mengurangi kesadahan air sumur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik silika gel dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,5 M HCl, 0,75 M dan 1 M menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) memiliki struktur amorf dengan kandungan SiO2 sebesar 96,1%, 92,1%, dan 89,1%, dan diameter kristal (D) 3,803 nm, 2,653 nm dan 2,204 nm serta hasil uji kesadahan menurun pada sumur I, II dan III sebesar 38,09%, 9,31% dan 12,5%Kata kunci : Silika Gel. Limbah Kaca, kesadahan air
PENDAHULUANTanaman tebu (saccharum officinarum) sebagai sumber terbesar gula terus meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk, pendapatan, gaya hidup dan industri pangan. Selain itu, ampas tebu sebagai hasil samping dari pengelolahan tebu menjadi gula juga meningkat. Ampas tebu di industri gula masih belum termanfaatkan secara optimal, masih banyak ampas tebu yang melimpah setiap kali produksi. Hal ini memungkinkan limbah ampas tebu untuk dimanfaatkan lebih luas.Ampas tebu biasa digunakan sebagai bahan baku pada pembuatan kertas. Akan tetapi masih banyak juga yang melakukan pembakaran secara langsung sehingga menimbulkan polusi bagi udara. Padahal menurut hasil penelitian Kristianingrum dkk. (2011) ampas tebu mengandung silika sekitar 55,5% -70%. Kandungan silika tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku untuk menghasilkan silika. Silika yang dihasilkan juga dapat diproses lebih lanjut untuk menghasilkan produk seperti membran silika. Membran silika merupakan suatu selaput yang dapat dijadikan sebagai suatu adsorben yang dapat mengadsorpsi logam berat yang dapat mencemari lingkungan Membran Silika ampas tebu dapat digunakan dalam jangka waktu yang lama karena memiliki beberapa kelebihan yaitu stabil terhadap pengaruh mekanik, panas, pelarut organik dan kondisi pH ekstrim. Walaupun mempunyai berbagai kelebihan, silika juga mempunyai kelemahan karena gugus silanol (-SiOH) dan siloksan (Si-O-Si) yang terkandung dalam
This research aimed to observe quantitatively the effect of temperature and pH on protease activities from thermophilic bacteria collected from Lejja—Hot springs.  Spectrophotometry on the casein substrate was used to test the proteolytic activity of the crude protease.  Mixtures of enzyme and casein were incubated at various temperatures and pH for 20 minutes. The absorbance of tyrosine from protein hydrolysis was determined by spectrophotometry on λ 280 nm. Temperature and pH impacted on protease activity were determined at temperature (60; 65; 70; 75; 80; 85 and 90oC) and pH (6.0; 6.5; 7.0; 7.5; 8, 0; 8,5 and 9,0). Results showed that treatment of temperature variations and pH had a significant effect on protease activity. Crude extract of Bacillus licheniformis protease showed that the highest activity at 80oC and pH 7.5 was 0.1303 unit/ml/minute. Bacillus stearoformis showed the highest enzymatic activity of the protease at 85oC, and pH 7.5 was 0.1226 Unit/ ml/minute. In comparison, Bacillus coagulans reached optimum activity at 75oC, and pH 7.5 was 0.2052 Unit/ml/minute. Isolates of Bacillus licheniformis, B. coagulans and B. stearoformis are bacteria that produce thermostable protease enzymes that can be developed as a source of genes and as a producer of the enzyme itself.
This study aims to determine the performance of public transportation services and evaluate the performance of public transportation services on the Bukittinggi – Painan route. The method used by the researcher uses a Likert and Guttman scale. By distributing a questionnaire of 88 respondents. This research was conducted by means of a survey through the distribution of respondents' questionnaires. After that, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were tested, then continued with data analysis of the research results. From the results of data analysis, it was obtained that taking the reliability test using 30 respondents to test reliability, the results of the Alpha coefficient of 0.723 were said to be reliable because the Alpha coefficient was above 0.600. The performance of public transportation services at PT zona Sikumbang Jaya rute Bukittinggi – Painan route is quite good, because in the search for high correlation validity results, the highest validity value is 0.966, and the validity results can also be seen from r_(count<r table) so that the data in the calculation is said to be valid.Keywords : Intercity Transportation Within Province, SPSS 25
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