It is said that Afro-American literature is the body of literature produced in the United states by writers of African descent. Today, Afro-American literature has become accepted as an integral part of American literature. In broad terms, Afro-American literature can be defined as writings by people of African descent living in the United States. This qualitative study analyzes a short story entitled Gorilla, My Lovewritten by a female Afro-American writer, Toni Cade Bambara. The analysis of the study aims at answering the three problem formulation: (1) states the literariness of the text (2) explains how the literariness of the text play as a means to symbolize a “broader” text (the universe) and (3) writes the proof of mental evidences taken from the text. In analyzing the short story, this study uses Sociology of Literature and Psychology of Literature. The two theories help readers understanding the theme of the short story by reading the explanation about how the narrator of the story set the plot. This study uses narrative as its approach since this is a literary study where a short story is analyzed through its narrative structure. The conclusion of the study provides the proof of its research benefits: giving information to readers about the following: (1) all about Afro-American literature plus its life-experience, family-values, etc. (2) how a literary work can connect its readers to their life and (3) an understanding that a reading-act strengthens the definition that a literary work is as a portrait of human experience.

This study aims at describing errors on writing of primary school teacher education students (PGSD) Universitas Widya Dharma Klaten to know the students’ English competence. The strategy of the research in this study is descriptive qualitative; and the qualitative data is the students’ writing. The data here are collected from 23 students’ work in making a composition. The erroneous sentences analyzed based on three classifications, namely the surface strategy taxonomy, influencing language switch, and students’ writing skill. The writers analyze the data carefully to find errors. The errors are divided according to its classification. Based on the data findings, the writers found that from 26 students of primary school teacher education (PGSD) Unwidha there are 23 students made some errors, two students made a good composition without any error, and one student didn’t write the composition. The researchers finally list 76 errors of students’ writing. The writers conclude that there are 35 errors (46.052%) based on the surface strategy taxonomy, 9 errors (11.842%) based on influencing language switch, and 32 errors (42.105%) based on students’ writing skill.

The short story of The Circuit substantially carries on the American Dream from the immigrants' expectations living in California. Their expectations rely on spirituality, wealthy, freedom, and other life necessity aspects. This research reviews the protagonist character as written in Francisco Jiménez's The Circuit and applies for the content analysis method. Data collection primarily uses the short story of Jiménez's The Circuit as part of the philology research. Data analysis deals with the intrepretative approach by identifying and mapping the life of a migrant child in 1947 documented in The Circuit facts. The findings showed that the protagonist characters tightly correspond with the life of a-4-year-old Panchito, who is conditionally forced to work with his parents as the nomad fruit picker in the entirely readyharvesting plantation areas of California Federal State with a very low wage granted and dwell in inappropriate housing. Panchito's protagonist character addresses a positive and tough motivation in happening his dreams that trigger the expansive morality values toward life struggles.