No abstract

Based on mechanisms of fibrin clot polymerization and dissolution, it is possible to modulate fibrin formation and removal. Ageratum conyzoides Linn. (Asteraceae) is an annual herb with a long history of traditional medicine. There is high variability in the secondary metabolites of this plant which include flavonoids, and these molecules belong to a class of serine proteases inhibitors. Several plant enzymes belonging to the classes of serine proteases were observed to be active on the cascade of coagulation pathways. The aim of this study was to observe if even Ageratum conyzoides Linn. aqueous leaves extract contained proteases which could structurally modify the fibrin clot formation. To prepare plant extracts, dry leaves of the plant were extracted with distilled water. Fibrin gels were prepared by mixtures containing fibrinogen and thrombin with or without extract. Fibrin networks were disrupted by a denaturation buffer. Samples were deposited in 8% polyacrylamide gel and Coomassie blue was used to reveal migration. Our extract contained phytochemicals class flavonoids which are thrombin inhibitors. But our results support the evidence that the same extract contained plant serine proteases, specifically a fibrinogenase which hydrolyzed fibrinogen but not like thrombin.Keywords: Fibrin/Fibrinogen, structural modification, Ageratum conyzoides Linn., phytoproteases.

Tchoukoutou are the most widely consumed alcoholic beverages in Africa. However, several constraints undermine this sector of activity. The overall objective of this study is to improve the quality and stability of “Tchoukoutou” by adding leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina. Two methods of evaluating the alcoholic degree: densimetry and refractometry were used to find the physic and chemical characteristics. From the results obtained, it appears that the red sorghum (Kadag) gives the best organoleptic quality of beers. The addition of the leaves of O. gratissimum and V. amygdalina followed by anaerobic fermentation allowed the preservation and stability of « Tchoukoutou » for at least 10 days at room temperature with a bitterness similar to hops; an alcohol content of 8.87% vol, a pH of 4.37 and a Brix degree of 14° Brix. In conclusion, the anaerobic fermentation of the must and the addition of the leaves of O. gratissimum and V. amygdalina contribute to the improvement of the conservation quality and stability of the Chukutu.

Tchoukoutou is a local alcoholic drink made from sorghum. The optimization and good quality of this drink depend on certain factors such as temperature that were the subject of our work. To carry out this study, we have set ourselves the general objective of structuring the production of Tchoukoutou. Specifically, the study aims to systematize the cooking of the wort, to verify the properties of the beer through tests and to produce a quality drink. An investigation was made on the influence of temperature on sorghum germination and wort cooking. The study of the effect of temperature on the germination of sorghum was carried out. It concerned four different temperature levels which are: 23 ° C, 26 ° C, 30 ° C and 35 ° C. A study of the influence of temperature on brewing was done with different varieties of sorghum and also at different temperature ranges: 78 ° C, 83 ° C, 89 ° C, and 92 ° C. The results showed that the ideal germination temperature is 30 ° C and for brewing it is 78 ° C. The soaking time during germination, for a good germination rate, is between 16h and 26h. In conclusion, the temperature factor is a parameter that should not be overlooked when making Tchoukoutou. Our study thus made will serve as a basis for subsequent studies in the same direction to achieve a standardized industrial production of Tchoukoutou.

Objective: It is of primary importance to develop wound healing sealant that prevent bacteria contamination and growth. We propose to formulate poor platelets plasma material supplemented with a bactericidal plant extract, Ageratum conyzoides Linn. (Asteraceae). Aqueous extract of this plant is used as a bactericide.Methodology: Platelet-poor plasma (PPP) containing less than 10,000 platelets per μL were used for all experimentations. Physiological serum (NaCl 0.9%) had served to prepare calcium chloride (CaCl ) solutions at 2 2M, 4M, 6M, 8M and 10M. Clauss fibrinogen assays were done to determine fibrinogen concentrations in each plasma pocket. Clotting times were measured following the addition of the appropriate calcium chloride concentration to the plasma. Plant extract at a concentration of 250 mg/mL in physiological serum was also added to the plasma and followed by the clotting times measured.Results: Clauss fibrinogen assays reflected a global satisfactory fibrinogen concentration. Overall profile of the evolution of clotting time vs calcium concentrations adopts a curve form and the shortest clotting times are those obtained with 4M calcium concentration. However, the presence of extract deeply disturbed clotting process, as clotting times were extremely elongated.Conclusion: Our objective was difficult to achieve because of the thrombin inhibitory side effects of the extract which were added to antithrombin III inhibitory effects in presence of excess calcium. Keywords: Wound healing, fibrin sealant, Ageratum conyzoides Linn., biomaterial, inhibitors. French title: Formation d'un Biomatériau de Fibrine par Apport Exogène de Calcium et Supplémentation par un Extrait Bactéricide de la planteAgeratum conyzoides Linn. : Equilibre entre un Activateur Biochimique et des Inhibiteurs Phytochimiques de la Thrombine Objectif: Il est d'une importance capitale de développer des pansements cicatrisants qui empêchent la contamination et la prolifération bactérienne. Nous nous proposons de formuler un biomatériau cicatrisant de fibrine à base de plasma pauvres en plaquettes et supplémenté d'un extrait aqueux de Ageratum conyzoides Linn.Méthodes: Du plasma pauvre en plaquettes contenant moins de 10 000 plaquettes par μL a été utilisé pour toutes les expérimentations. Le sérum physiologique (NaCl 0,9%) a servi à la préparation des différentes solutions de calcium aux concentrations de 2M, 4M, 6M, 8M et 10M. Le dosage du fibrinogène par les tests de Clauss a été effectué pour chaque poche de plasma. Les temps de gel ont été déterminés suite à l'addition du calcium à la concentration adéquate. L'extrait de plante à la concentration de 250 mg/mL dans du sérum physiologique a également été additionné au plasma suivi de la détermination des temps de gel.Résultats: Les tests de Clauss mènent à des taux de fibrinogène moyens satisfaisants. Le profil global de l'évolution des temp de gel en fonction de la concentration en calcium adopte une forme hyperbolique et le temps le plus court est obtenu à 4M de calcium. La présence de l'extrait perturbe profondément la formation du gel puisque les temps de gel de ces derniers sont extrêmement rallongés.Conclusion: Notre objectif a été difficile à atteindre à cause des effets secondaires inhibiteurs de l'extrait qui se sont ajoutés à ceux de  l'antithrombin III en présence d'un excès de calcium. Mots clé: Cicatrisation ; Pansement fibrine ; Ageratum conyzoides Linn. ; Activateur; Inhibiteurs.