The objective of this paper is to discuss the application of the sampling framework in a research with a view to understanding what it is, and examining the application of the concept to the analysis of sampling as one procedure that makes research manageable. When investigators choose a sample they select a relatively small but representative number of cases from the population of interest or universe of discourse for enumeration or observation. A sample chosen in an unbiased or scientific way is likely to yield results which are closer to the population parameters. The discussion in this paper will address the issues and decisions which are considered before determining the sampling framework in a research so that there is a clear identification of the phenomenon being researched on to create room for rigorous  analysis. The discussion went further by comparing and contrasting the qualitative research approaches. The paper further explored some philosophical underpinnings of research in order to understand and appreciate some of the individual organizational problems.  The paper relied mainly on secondary research by drawing insights from publications and books that had contributed to the revelations about the nature and issues that may be an important in both qualitative and quantitative research. The literature review was therefore mainly focused on the nature of analysis of quantitative and  qualitative data collected through empirical study through cross sectional and time series data using various data collection instruments. The paper also examined in detail data presentation methods and their implications for analysis.

Diversity is a topic which has gained much momentum and currency in modern academic discourse partially because of globalisation and also partially because of the increased use of information technology in global transactions. The complex operations of multinational corporations across the globe require prudent and efficient management of employees from different backgrounds. Management of diversity means many things to many people. In this article, the authors delineate the importance, pros and cons of diversity management for firms, and also they deploy the analysis of some case study videos to bring to the fore the growing importance of the phenomenon of diversity. The authors used secondary data and qualitative analysis in their discourse. The authors reviewed literature from diverse sources to give a theoretical foundation to the article and at the same time they approached the topic in a multi-faceted manner to whet the appetite of both theoreticians and practitioners. The philosophical underpinning of their approach was based on Grounded Theory as it could be seen in the video case study narratives and in their own interpretative narrative of the subject.

Research is an interesting field of study which every student or scholar has to encounter in the course of time. The objective of this paper is to explore the various approaches to research so that students can gain insight and understanding. This paper attempts a review of the various approaches to research so that the reader can make an informed choice. The paper is based on secondary sources plus the author's own experience borne from decades of teaching. This paper does not claim to have exhausted the list of approaches to research as there are far many approaches than can be dealt with in a short review communication. However, it is hoped it will lay a foundation for further research into the field by readers.

This research looks at the hypothetical state of no governments and no external trade, the autarky situation as well as the ideal utopian democratic state juxtaposed as Utopia versus Dystopia. This essay is motivated by the current world situation of global internet connectivity which transcends borders and defies government regulation. The essay focuses on examining what opportunities would be presented in a situation of no government and also what challenges and threats would exist in such an instance bordering on Dystopia. The paper comprises findings that have been drawn from analyzing the different opinions, facts and findings from researchers on the topic of public policy. It fundamentally addresses the question from an assumption that there were no governments and concludes by drawing on the importance of public policy and why this is essential in order to avoid anarchy that arises as a result of not having laws and regulations to control the behaviors of societies and individuals in those Hobbesian societies. The findings in the paper are that a state of no government presents itself as a state of confusion and that it descends into the extreme form of a totally unregulated free market capitalist approach for communities and societies. This, in the end, results in lawlessness that to an extent permits the emergence of anarchist states where the rich take advantage of their power and become more powerful than societies or states as exemplified by the MNCs. The purpose of government is to provide essential services and ensure that the rights of individuals are protected. Without the regulatory and protective umbrella of government, the concept of protection and extending the benefits of external trade become the preserve of rich individuals who may brutally exploit and assault the poor to the point of enslavement and exploitation.

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