In the early 2000s, the IETF formed the Secure Inter-Domain Routing (SIDR) working group which was tasked with developing a security model for the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) with the intent to eliminate or reduce the rate of successful BGP hijacks and other attacks against the core routing infrastructure. The result was the development of a two-stage security approach, one based on the prefix (IP address range) origination of an autonomous system's (AS) announcement and the other one dealing with the validation of the path such an announcement traversed on. The first stage is called the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) and has been in its deployment stage since early 2013 and the second one is called BGPsec and includes a modification to the BGP specification RFC 4721. BGPsec became an RFC standard in late 2017. During that time, NIST actively participated in the development of the necessary RFCs and developed in parallel a reference implementation that addresses both tiers of the developed security model.

No abstract

Lodging in the direct seeded rice cultivation on flooded paddy is being severe problem due to the lower production and grain quality at ripening stage. This study was conducted to examine the effect of Iprobenfos-metconazole (IPM) treated 50, 40 and 30 days before heading respectively as a plant regulator to reduce the lodging at ripening stage of direct seeding rice cultivation. The culm length treated with IPM, especially the 4th culm internode, was shortened more than with untreated plot, and the most effective time was at 30 days before heading. At 20 days after heading the flag leaves colour showed more greening than in the untreated leaves and the plot with IPM treatment was to be maintained longer compared to the control plot. The Nitrogen concentration of leaves with IPM was lower than in the control plot, and SiO 2 contents were higher than in the untreated plot and SiO 2 /N ratio was increased more in the IPM plot than in the control plot. The breaking strength of 3rd and 4th culm internode with IPM treatment was higher than in the untreated plot, and the lodging index was reduced in the IPM plot significantly and the field lodging also was reduced. As the results the rice production in the IPM plot was increased more due to be higher ripening ratio and seed grain weight compared to the untreated plot to be occurred the field lodging.