Three types of infant formula (soy, extensively hydrolysed and amino acid) may be appropriate for treating cows milk protein allergy. Selection of a formula depends on the allergy syndrome to be treated. Extensively hydrolysed formula is recommended as first choice for infants under 6 months of age for treating immediate cows milk allergy (non‐anaphylactic), food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome, atopic eczema, gastrointestinal symptoms and food protein‐induced proctocolitis. Soy formula is recommended as first choice for infants over 6 months of age with immediate food reactions, and for those with gastrointestinal symptoms or atopic dermatitis in the absence of failure to thrive. Amino acid formula is recommended as first choice in anaphylaxis and eosinophilic oesophagitis. If treatment with the initial formula is not successful, use of an alternative formula is recommended.

Despite reforms over the past quarter-century, world agricultural markets remain highly distorted by government policies. Traditional indicators of those price distortions such as the nominal rate of assistance and consumer tax equivalent provide measures of the degree of intervention, but they can be misleading as indicators of the true effects of those policies. By drawing on recent theoretical literature that provides indicators of the trade-and welfarereducing effects of price and trade policies, this paper develops more-satisfactory indexes for capturing distortions to agricultural incentives. It then exploits the Agricultural Distortion database recently compiled by the World Bank to generate estimates of them for both developing and high-income countries over the past half century, based on a sample of 75 countries that together account for all but one-tenth of the world's population, GDP and agricultural production. While they are still only partial equilibrium measures, they provide a much better approximation of the true trade and welfare effects of sectoral policies without needing a formal model of global markets or even price elasticity estimates.

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If resident attitudes about QI do not improve, the culture of the learning health care system is threatened. An important step in enhancing the perceived value of QI is resolving the perceived tension between providing excellent patient care and satisfying other goals. Involving residents more effectively in QI may result in improved attitudes and promote development of a better-functioning learning health care system.