ABSTRACT. To reveal the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Escherichia coli isolates from wild mice, 81 E. coli isolates were obtained from 109 voles (Clethrionomys spp.), 52 large Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus) and 19 small Japanese field mice (A. argenteus) captured in a forest of a natural park in Hokkaido, Japan. Seventy-eight of the 81 E. coli isolates were susceptible to all 10 antimicrobial agents tested. One E. coli isolate was resistant to ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline. Two isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline. A low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was maintained among wild mice that inhabited the forest.KEY WORDS: antimicrobial resistance, Escherichia coli, Japan, wild mice.

Purpose A major problem of assisted reproductive technology (ART) is multiple gestation, which impacts neonatal and perinatal medicine. The literature contains a number of reports that elective single embryo transfer (eSET) is effective for the control of multiple pregnancies; however, to date, uniform criteria have not been established. Methods Using logistic regression analysis based on the results of ART in our department from January 2005 to July 2006, our eSET criteria were established. We conducted a comparative study of the clinical pregnancy rate, multiple gestation rate, and delivery rate before and after eSET (before-eSET and after-eSET groups, respectively). Results As a result of the analysis, our eSET criteria included all three of the following: (A) patient age B37, (B) previous IVF/ICSI trials B5, and (C) acquisition of two or more good-quality embryos. Based on our criteria, the after-eSET group was not found to have a decrease in the pregnancy rate; however, the multiple gestation rate decreased as compared to the before-eSET group. In addition, as a result of various evaluations of the eSET group, interesting findings were revealed. Conclusions In the after-eSET group, our eSET criteria achieved a decrease in the multiple pregnancy rate without a decrease in the pregnancy rate.

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This article describes development and construction of an evolutional MCPA (Multi-channel Power Amplifier) using digital pre-distortion for digital terrestrial TV broadcasting. In this equipment, a wide-band of 50MHz and over, is produced by using a high -speed A/D and D/A converter with a sampling frequency of 200MHz and more. We also developed a new method that detects PA distortion by adding the RF output signal and inverted RF input signal to reduce the dynamic range and new algorithm to compensate with a high speed. Using these new methods, we obtained IMs of -50dB and under with multiple channel inputs and much higher efficiency than conventional ones. This technology also can be applied for designing amplifiers in the GHz band because its theory of principle does not depend on operating frequencies.