The electronic signature service has been causing various problems due to the rapid growth of e-commerce services. Therefore, in order to create an authentication service suitable for the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, new security authentication technologies such as the cloud must be utilized. However, there is a lack of prior management studies on the intention to accept digital signatures. Therefore, this study conducted an empirical study to identify factors affecting the intention to adopt cloud-based digital signature services. This research proposed a model based on the technology–organization–environment framework and empirically analyzed the degree of mutual causality and influence between variables using the partial least squares structural equation model. The results show that technical characteristics, organizational characteristics, and environmental characteristics significantly affected the intention to adopt. However, there are still many concerns about the security of cloud-based services. It has been confirmed that solving this problem is the key to the activation of the electronic signature service.