The article presents the results of environmental and economic assessment of the impact of oil and gas industry objects on the state of landscape and botanical complexes in the Urals. Using the example of two oil and gas fields, the complex impact of the construction and operation of this type of facility is shown. The greatest disturbances to the land are caused by the construction and operation of industrial sites for integrated gas treatment plants and gas distribution networks, wells and service pipelines, crane assemblies and piston start-up and intake assemblies. Despite the fact that according to the point system, the impact of the enterprise on biocenoses is assessed as “weak negative,” the impact of oil and gas production facilities has led to a significant change in landscape and botanical complexes. In addition to changing the geochemical state of landscapes and the redistribution of natural geochemical cycles, a change in the ecological structure of species of edificators, a change in their physiological and morphological functions has been established. This impact directly affects the state of forest ecosystems, water conservation, water regulation, and absorption functions of the forest. Economic damage from the operation of oil and gas production facilities is 137042, 00 rubles.

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of infrastructure developing that ensures the economic security of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship in the agro-industrial complex, the analysis of factors restricting the development of SMEs and their support institutions is carried out, measures to overcome the problems of developing the infrastructure ensuring the economic security of SMEs are proposed. Infrastructure development depends on the capabilities of SMEs, and the opportunities are due to the influence of the external environment. To assess the situation, a survey of agricultural entrepreneurs was conducted, and according its results entrepreneurs noted the most significant factors limiting the development of SMEs: difficult access to loans, external financing; lack of own funds for business development; taxation; strong competitors, etc. Among the problems that hinder the development of infrastructure were noted: the financial illiteracy of start-up entrepreneurs, the low level of entrepreneurial activity and the income received by SMEs, the disproportion in the distribution of support institutions across the Orenburg region and, as a result, their absence in remote areas and rural areas. To overcome these problems, the creation of institutions for training and retraining entrepreneurs and the “Business Center for Small and MediumEnterprises”.

One of the results of the implementation of the «Export of agricultural products» («Eksport produkcii APK») Federal Project was an increase in the supply of domestic products on the world market. During the years 2015–2020 on average, the export of Russian agricultural products was increasing 16% per year. Conditions such as the strengthening of Russia’s position in the global agri-food market, the need to ensure the achievement of the target indicators of the Federal project, impose high requirements on management information for the agro-industrial complex. The article focuses on examining the export potential of grain since it is a key product in the structure of Russian agricultural exports. The goal of the study is to quantify the export potential of grain production. The study was carried out on the materials from the Orenburg region of the years 2015–2019. The authors defined the export potential of grain production as a part of the gross grain harvest intended for export, not exceeding the value of domestic consumption. A change in such a metric should not pose a threat to the food security of the region for each particular type of agricultural product. To characterize the export potential of the industry, calculations were made based on the balance of resources and the use of grain, with the indicator of self-sufficiency in grain and other relative indicators being calculated. Research methods which were used: comparison, balance method, method of relative values, statistical methods of analysis of dynamics and structure, etc. The information which was used as a base of the study comes from the official data of Rosstat and its territorial body in the Orenburg region, as well as from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. The study concluded that the basis for strengthening and increasing the export potential of grain production with stable values of domestic consumption is to increase production by improving agricultural technologies and state policy for the development of agriculture and rural areas. The state should exercise control over the enhancement of export potential. Otherwise, there may be a threat to the food security of the region, as well as of the country as a whole. Scientific novelty of the research: the authors formulated the definition of the concept of «export potential of grain production», the authors also substantiated the system of indicators and performed a comprehensive measurement of the export potential of grain production in the Orenburg region. The significance of the research results for practice is to improve information and analytical support for the management of production and export of agricultural products.

The article analyzes the tree and shrub flora of the B. Uran river basin. An inventory of the flora was carried out, characteristics were given according to floristic spectra (taxonomic, ecological, phytocenotic, etc.), and a list of plants was compiled. It is established that 42 wild species of trees and shrubs belonging to 15 families grow on the studied territory. The most common family is Rosaceae, the largest genera are Salix and Populus. The availability of moisture was determined by the predominance of mesophytic forest vegetation. The chorological analysis of the flora indicates a significant presence of adventitious wild-growing species. The analysis of the species structure of phytocenoses indicates an anthropogenic succession.