Berries play an important role in antioxidant protection, prevention and treatment of diseases of the human body, so many types of berries are widely used both in food and other industries.   The purpose of this article is to study the chemical composition of berries of various species growing on the territory of Kazakhstan.   The article presents the results of the organoleptic evaluation of berries, in a comparative aspect, the mineral and carbohydrate composition is studied, and the antioxidant activity of various types of berries is determined. The studies used generally accepted organoleptic, chemical and analytical methods. The results of the experiments performed will be used in the development of requirements for raw materials for processing, namely, berries of Kazakhstan production during freeze-drying.

Grain crops are a good source of carbohydrates and proteins, are important sources of B vitamins and vitamin E, so these crops are widely used for the production of instant cereals, mainly in the form of extruded products. Fruits or vegetables are often used to enrich cereals with vitamins, antioxidants, fiber and phytochemicals. The article presents the results of studies of the chemical composition of freeze-dried berries (blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, currants and sea buckthorn). Studies of their mineral mineral composition showed that the amount of mineral compounds in all samples was within the permissible concentration. The highest content of zinc, magnesium, iron and selenium is observed in sea buckthorn berries (2.12 mg/kg, 198.71 mg/100g, 13.55 mg/kg and 5.08mg/100g, respectively). The concentration of copper in currants is 408.93mg/kg, which is significantly higher than in other berries. The calcium content is almost at the same level in all samples with the exception of currants and sea buckthorn, in which these indicators are lower. The iodine content is absent in strawberries and blueberries. It was found that sea buckthorn has high levels of vitamin A and E among the sublimated berries (796.01 mg/g and 17.09 mg/g, respectively). The highest content of vitamins B3 and B5 was found in currants (1,591mg/g, 0.308 mg/g). Strawberries have a high antioxidant activity in comparison with other berries (3.94 mg / g). Strawberries also have the highest total carbohydrate content (28.56 %). These products are promising as components of instant porridge, since sublimation allows you to preserve nutrients and useful properties in berries.

Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato virus S (PVS), and Potato virus M (PVM) infection of potato plants leads to decreased dry matter and starch content in tubers. Starch samples from potato tubers infected with PVY, PVS, and PVM had higher amylose content. Granules of starch isolated from potato tubers infected by PVS exhibit larger granules than starch granules isolated from tubers of healthy plants. In contrast, in the case of PVM and PVY infection, starch granules were significantly smaller in diameter. A decrease in the degree of crystallinity has been observed in all samples of starches obtained from the tubers of infected plants compared to starch isolated from tubers of healthy plants. A slight decrease in gelatinization temperature was noted for starch samples isolated from tubers infected by PVY and PVM, and a slight increase in gelatinization temperature for starch samples isolated from tubers infected by PVS compared to starch isolated from tubers of healthy plants. In all samples of starch obtained from tubers of infected plants, an increase in the value of gelatinization enthalpy was observed. Thus, it can be concluded that damage to potato plants by PVM and PVY leads to a significant decrease in the quality of starch in tubers. At the same time, infection by PVS had practically no considerable effect.