Biomass has attracted considerable attention as energy, economic, and environmental asset, as result of its abundance and range of properties. The use of mesoporous catalysts during fast pyrolysis has been a highly important route to improve efficiency as well adding value to biomass. The addition of titanium to molecular sieves increases the efficiency of the pyrolysis reaction by improving production and selectivity of products of interest. This study aims at analyzing the catalytic pyrolysis products of elephant grass using titanium catalysts prepared at different Si/Ti molar ratios, i.e., 25 and 50. The material was supported on MCM-41 for the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. The biomass pyrolysis reactions were performed in a micropyrolyzer coupled to a GC/MS analyzer. The Ti-MCM-41 samples were characterized by XRD, BET-specific area, and UV-visible. The distribution of pyrolysis products depended on process parameters such as temperature and catalyst type. The highest yield for hydrocarbon production, such as styrene, benzene, methylbenzene, and naphthalene, was observed at 600 °C using Si/Ti equal to 50.

ResumoPigmentos inorgânicos foram preparados com estrutura espinélio para aplicações em revestimentos cerâmicos. Pigmentos com composição CoCr 2 O 4 e Co 0,8 Zn 0,2 Cr 2 O 4 foram sintetizados por uma rota química usando gelatina de uso farmacêutico como precursor orgânico. Foram investigadas a influência da dopagem e a temperatura de tratamento térmico na coloração dos pigmentos e dos esmaltes cerâmicos. Os materiais foram caracterizados por análise termogravimétrica, difração de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia por energia dispersiva, espectroscopia na região do UV-visível e colorimetria. Os pós apresentaram estrutura espinélio a partir de 500 °C, com formação de fase secundária residual de Cr 2 O 3 nas amostras Co 0,8 Zn 0,2 Cr 2 O 4 tratadas termicamente a 500 e 1000 °C. Os pigmentos e os esmaltes preparados apresentaram cores em tons de azul esverdeado para as amostras CoCr 2 O 4 e verde para a amostra Co 0,8 Zn 0,2 Cr 2 O 4 . Os resultados confirmaram a efetividade da rota de síntese utilizada para produzir óxidos com estrutura espinélio. Palavras-chave: síntese de espinélios, pigmentos cerâmicos, gelatina. AbstractInorganic pigments were prepared with spinel structure for applications in ceramic tiles. Pigments with composition CoCr 2 O 4 and Co 0.8 Zn 0.2 Cr 2 O 4 were synthesized by a chemical route using gelatin for pharmaceutical use as an organic precursor. The influences of doping and thermal treatment temperature on pigment and ceramic glaze color were investigated. The materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dispersive energy spectroscopy, spectroscopy in the UV-visible region and colorimetry. The powders treated at 500 °C presented spinel structure, with the formation of residual secondary phase of Cr 2 O 3 in samples Co 0.8 Zn 0.2 Cr 2 O 4 heat-treated at 500 and 1000 °C. The prepared pigments and glazes presented blue-green colors for the samples CoCr 2 O 4 and green color for the sample Co 0.8 Zn 0.2 Cr 2 O 4 . The results confirmed the effectiveness of the synthesis route used to produce oxides with a spinel structure.